ITU is required, according to its Constitution, to allocate spectrum and register frequency allocation, orbital positions and other parameters of satellites, “ in order to avoid harmful interference between radio stations of different countries ”.

The Air Force concluded that there was simply no way to launch the required number of satellites, let alone have any way to service them.

Because these LEO orbits are not geostationary, a network ( or " constellation ") of satellites is required to provide continuous coverage.

If h is significant with respect to R, as with most satellites, then the approximation made previously is no longer valid, and the exact formula is required:

The term DTH predates DBS and is often used in reference to services carried by lower power satellites which required larger dishes ( 1. 7m diameter or greater ) for reception.

A constellation of five satellites was required to provide reasonable global coverage.

Finally the U. S. Air Force required a booster rocket that could launch heavier satellites than either the Titan IIIE or the Space Shuttle.

As the manned space role moved to NASA and unmanned reconnaissance satellites were thought to be capable of all required missions, the United States Air Force gradually withdrew from manned space flight and Dyna-Soar was cancelled.

When one of the communications satellites malfunctioned, a daring attempt was made to activate the satellite which required an additional EVA, rendezvous, and operations with the remote manipulator arm.

The company ’ s broadcast frequency and satellites required a special receiver design incorporating either a small patch antenna measuring approximately 6 to 8 cm ( 2. 4 to 3. 2 inches ) which folded neatly into the receiver unit or a similarly sized omni-directional antenna mounted on the car rooftop.

However, the disk mass of only 2 % that of Jupiter is required to explain the existing satellites.

The high apogee meant that the polar regions were visible for long amounts of time, and only two satellites were required in order to achieve constant communications ability.

Depending on the positions of both the satellite and terminal, a usable pass of an individual LEO satellite will typically last 4 – 15 minutes on average ; thus, a constellation of satellites is required to maintain coverage ( as is done with Iridium, Globalstar, GPS, and others ).

Additional power was required for these instruments, and these larger satellites consumed 120 watts generated from solar panels.

This makes for a smaller travel distance for the signal, reducing latency, and also allows for the constellation to operate with far fewer earth stations that would be required for 66 traditional communications satellites.

During the 17th century, Io and the other Galilean satellites served a variety of purposes, including early methods to determine longitude, validating Kepler's Third Law of planetary motion, and determining the time required for light to travel between Jupiter and Earth.

" In theory, three satellites are required to position the receiver in three-dimensional space, however the receiver's clock will likely not be synchronized with the atomic clocks aboard the satellite, so a fourth pseudorange measurement is used to correct the receiver's clock bias.

At lower altitudes, due to the high speed required to remain in orbit, air friction is a very important consideration affecting satellites, much more than in the popular image of space.

The NPOI primarily produces space imagery and astrometry, the latter a major component required for the safe position, navigation, and orienting of the world's orbiting satellites through upwards of 19, 000 + pieces of orbiting space debris.

Beyond disproving the missile gap, the Corona satellites ' existence had caused the Soviets to choose to not to build large numbers of the R-7 — which required secret bases as it was vulnerable during the 20 hours of launch preparation — in favor of more advanced missiles that could be launched more quickly.

Because the J-series CSMs incorporated the Scientific Instrument Module ( SIM ) Bay, which used special film cameras similar to those used on Air Force spy satellites, and required a " deep space " EVA for retrieval, the CMP for each of the three J-series missions wore a five-connector A7LB based H-series A7L suits, with the liquid cooling connections eliminated as the CMP would be attached to a life-support umbilical ( like that used on Gemini EVAs ) and only an " oxygen purge system " ( OPS ) would be used, along with a " red apple " lanyard, for emergency backup in the case of the failure of the umbilical.

However, involvement in the " Black World " projects of guided missile technology and spy satellites required blue sky companies to increasingly restrict their employees ' right to talk about their work to anyone, including their own family, so adults became frustrated workers and parents, with children becoming distanced.

This may include the objective of business, targets set, and results in financial terms, e. g., the target set for sale, resulting cost, growth, required investment to achieve the planned sales, and financing source for the investment.

In addition, the planned economy of Soviet Bolshevism required the collectivization of farms and land to allow industrialization or conversion to large-scale agricultural production.

Through the Dithmarschen ships, Raeder planned to greatly extend the length of time that Kriegsmarine raiders could spent on the high seas before being required to return to Germany.

Zhou originally planned on winning one of the scholarships offered by the Chinese government ; these scholarships, however, required Chinese students to pass entrance examinations in Japanese universities.

The FDA required that Celgene Corporation, which planned to market thalidomide under the brand name Thalomid, establish a system for thalidomide education and prescribing safety ( STEPS ) oversight program.

Soon will be added as a city with large population: the planned city of El Communa del Andes since they will be brought more than 40, 000 miners required for the expansion of the mine Codelco Chile Andina Division on the foot of the Andes mountains.

The film was planned originally to be filmed in colour, but after several screen tests, it was changed to black and white because of the very obvious ' green tint ' of the heavy make-up required by Curtis and Lemmon when portraying Josephine and Daphne.

This city prison in Fontevraud, planned to hold 1, 000 prisoners, required major changes, including new barracks in addition to the transformation of monastic buildings into dormitories, workshops, and common areas.

Originally planned to extend DDL support to all X-Fi based sound cards ( except the ' Xtreme Audio ' line which is incapable of DDL hardware implementation ), the plan was dropped because Dolby licensing would have required a royalty payment for all X-Fi cards and, problematically, those already sold.

As such, service design addresses how a planned service solution interacts with the larger business and technical environments, service management systems required to support the service, processes which interact with the service, technology, and architecture required to support the service, and the supply chain required to support the planned service.

Unfortunately, a structural failure shortly after launch severely damaged one of the MGS's solar panels and necessitated a higher aerobraking altitude ( and hence one third the force ) than originally planned, significantly extending the time required to attain the desired orbit.

The extensive engineering required will be expensive ( a 2002 estimate being £ 60 million ), and so restoration is planned to proceed in phases.

The allies planned to make virtually simultaneous attacks on British holdings all throughout India, while the Marathas agreed to honour Hyder's claims to territories he currently held north of the Tungabhadra River and reduced the amount of tribute he was required to pay under earlier agreements.

In Jersey City, two project are planned to transform brownfield sites, both of which have required remediation of toxic waste by previous owners.

Construction required only cutting of grass to create a hard, all-weather sod runway, and Del Monte No. 1, the first of seven planned strips on Mindanao, was ready for limited operations by 5 December.

However, if a specific repeating pattern is planned, then careful planning will be required so that the placement of matching portions of the pattern between the strands are aligned properly.

He observes that, regardless of the path taken, there were simply not enough roads for the masses of troops planned to reach Paris in the time required.

It is required at different locations within a facility or within many locations of a supply network to precede the regular and planned course of production and stock of materials.

Inventory management is required at different locations within a facility or within multiple locations of a supply network to protect the regular and planned course of production against the random disturbance of running out of materials or goods.