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rifle and cartridge
Generally anti-aircraft artillery and smaller caliber ( up to 6 " or 152. 4 mm ) guns use metal cartridge cases that include the round and propellant, similar to a modern rifle cartridge.
The problem is sometimes known as season cracking after it was first discovered in brass cartridge cases used for rifle ammunition during the 1920s in the Indian Army.
A Lee-Enfield No. 5 Mk I " Jungle Carbine " rifle, which fired a full-size. 303 calibre rifle cartridge.
They then developed an intermediate-power cartridge round, which was accomplished by reducing the power and the length of the standard 7. 92x57 Mauser rifle cartridge to create the 7. 92x33 Kurz ( Short ) cartridge.
A selective-fire weapon was developed to fire this shorter cartridge, eventually resulting in the Sturmgewehr 44, later translated as " assault rifle ".
A carbine is a firearm similar to a rifle in form and intended usage, but generally shorter or smaller than the typical " full-size " hunting or battle rifle of similar time period, and sometimes using a smaller or less-powerful cartridge.
Later, the German forces fielded the Sturmgewehr 44 during World War II, a light automatic rifle firing a reduced power " intermediate cartridge ".
This design was to become the model basis for the " assault rifle " subclass of automatic weapons, as contrasted with " battle rifles " which generally fire a traditional " full-power " rifle cartridge.
An assault rifle is usually slightly smaller than a battle rifle such as the Karabiner 98k, but the chief differences defining an assault rifle are select-fire capability and the use of a rifle round of lesser power, known as an intermediate cartridge.
Soviet engineer Mikhail Kalashnikov quickly adapted the German concept, using a less-powerful 7. 62 × 39mm cartridge derived from the standard 7. 62 × 54mmR Russian battle rifle round, to produce the AK-47, which has become the world's most widely used assault rifle.
In the United States, the assault rifle design was later in coming ; the replacement for the M1 Garand of WWII was another John Garand design chambered for the new 7. 62 × 51mm NATO cartridge ; the select-fire M14, which was used by the U. S. military until the 1960s.
The filter cartridge is on the left side of the mouth, which makes it easier to aim a rifle right-handedly.
In 1903, the Army converted their M1900 guns in. 30 Army to fit the new. 30-03 cartridge ( standardized for the M1903 Springfield rifle ) as the M1903.
Components of a modern rifle cartridge.
Single stage presses are commonly most used for high-precision rifle cartridge handloading, but may be used for high-precision reloading of all cartridge types, and for working up loads ( developing loading recipes ) for ultimately manufacturing large numbers of cartridges on a progressive press.

rifle and developed
The United Kingdom also developed a " Jungle Carbine " version of their Lee-Enfield service rifle, featuring a shorter barrel, flash suppressor, and manufacturing modifications designed to decrease the rifle's weight.
Also, H & K developed the lightweight carbon fiber – reinforced G36 polymer assault rifle, the current ( 2008 ) service rifle of the Bundeswehr and numerous other military and police forces.
From the AKM he developed a squad automatic weapon variant, known as the RPK (-Kalashnikov light machine gun ), and also the PK (-Kalashnikov machine gun ), which used the more powerful 7. 62 × 54R of the Mosin-Nagant rifle.
* T65 assault rifle, AR-15 variant developed by ROC Army
Cordite was used initially in the. 303 British, Mark I and II, standard rifle cartridge between 1891 and 1915 ; however, shortages of cordite in World War I led to United States – developed smokeless powders being imported into the UK for use in rifle cartridges.
Armor-piercing ammunition for pistols has also been developed and uses a design similar to the rifle ammunition.
Johann Nicholas von Dreyse's rifle of 1838 was accepted into service by Prussia in 1841, which was in turn developed into the Prussian Model 1849.
John Renty Baker along with his sons, who were all gunsmiths, also invented and developed hand-operated machines to cut the rifle barrels.
John Renty's father, Robert Baker, according to some ( as the origins of the rifle are unclear ) developed the rifle that became known as the " Kentucky Rifle ".
It is known to have been applied to semi-automatic firearms in 1918 ( 6. 5 mm French Faucon-Meunier semi-automatic rifle developed by Lt. Col. Armand-Frédéric Faucon ), then in 1936 a bullpup machine pistol was patented by the Frenchman Henri Delacre.
A 7. 62x39mm M43 calibre experimental assault rifle was developed by German A. Korobov in the Soviet Union around 1945, and a further development, the TKB-408 was entered for the 1946 – 47 assault rifle trials by the Soviet Army, although it was rejected in favour of the more conventional AK-47.
Having learned from extensive combat experience, Israel Military Industries developed a bullpup rifle: the Tavor ( TAR-21 ).
Working for the U. S. Ordnance Office, David Marshall Williams developed a. 22 training version of the M1911 using a floating chamber to give the. 22 long rifle rimfire recoil similar to the. 45 version.
For example, a rifle weighing 5 pounds firing a 150 grain bullet, the recoil energy will be only 0. 43 percent of the total kinetic energy developed.
The first recoilless rifle to enter service in Germany was the 7. 5 cm Leichtgeschütz 40 (" light gun " ' 40 ), a simple 75 mm smoothbore recoilless gun developed to give German airborne troops artillery and anti-tank support that could be parachuted into battle.
The Japanese had also developed a portable recoilless anti-tank rifle which they had reserved for the defense of the anticipated invasion of the mainland.
The Viet Minh also developed their own recoilless rifle under the direction of Tran Dai Nghia.

rifle and utilize
A fourth type, now considered obsolete and ineffective, are those systems based on the Bang rifle that utilize a muzzle cap to capture gas after the bullet has left the barrel.
Several rifle designs utilize an en bloc clip to load the firearm.
The first full-scale production rifle to utilize roller-delay was the Spanish CETME followed by the Swiss Sturmgewehr 57, and the Heckler & Koch G3 rifle.
The Guards utilize all small arms known to be in use with the Singaporean army, such as the SAR-21 assault rifle family, the Ultimax 100 Mark 3 LMG, FN MAG, M203, and the Matador anti-tank rocket launcher.

rifle and powder
Bow hunters generally enjoy longer seasons than are allowed with other forms of hunting such as black powder, shotgun, or rifle.
Until the mid-19th century, projectiles and propellant ( black powder ) were generally separate components used in a muzzle-loading firearm such as a rifle, pistol, or cannon.
For example, unlike when handloading rifle and pistol cartridges, where all the various components ( cases, gas checks, powder, primers, etc.
Generally, handgun cartridges and shotshells use faster powders, rifle cartridges use slower powder.
Another historically important bolt action system was the Gras system, used on the French Mle 1874 Gras rifle, and the Mle 1886 Lebel rifle, which was first to introduce ammunition loaded with nitrocellulose-based smokeless powder.
The Lee-Enfield rifle was derived from the earlier Lee-Metford, a mechanically similar black powder rifle, which combined James Paris Lee's rear-locking bolt system with a barrel featuring rifling designed by William Ellis Metford.
Rifles were more accurate than smooth bore muskets, but Military commanders favored smooth bores on the battlefield, since the round from a rifle had to fit tightly into the barrel, and became very difficult to load after a few shots because the black powder used at the time quickly fouled the barrel.
The longer range and better accuracy of the rifle was also considered to be of little value on a battlefield that was quickly obscured by black powder smoke.
: The gun powder accelerating the bullet in a rifle,
Events include primitive demonstrations, cook offs, black powder rifle shooting, knife throwing and hawk contests, candy cannon, native American Indian dancing, story telling, magic shows and more.
A second use of return-to-battery rifles is for the testing of components, including barrels, bullets, powder, primers, and the interaction of these and the other components of the rifle.
Bullets and powder charges of surplus. 303 British ammunition may also be loaded into proper 7. 7 × 58mm cases to produce rifle cartridges with ballistics that are similar to the original Japanese military load.
The Hunt rifle fired what he called the " Rocket Ball ," an early form of caseless ammunition in which the powder charge was contained in the bullet's hollow base.
For the Volcanic rifle, Smith added a primer charge to Hunt's " Rocket Ball " and thus created one of the first fixed metallic cartridges which incorporated bullet, primer and powder in one self-contained unit.
The Volcanic rifle had only limited success, which was in part attributable to the design and poor performance of the Hunt-derived Volcanic cartridge: a hollow conical ball filled with black powder and sealed by a cork primer.
In many respects the Model 1886 was a true American express rifle, as it could be chambered in the more powerful black powder cartridges of the day, such as the. 45-70 Government ( chambering a rifle for the popular. 45-70 had been a goal of Winchester for some time ).
Winchester was the first company to manufacture a civilian rifle chambered for the new smokeless propellants, and although delays prevented the. 30-30 cartridge from appearing on the shelves until 1895, it remained the first commercially available smokeless powder round for the North American consumer market.
Even though the rib and groove design of the Brunswick allowed it to use rounds that did not fit quite as tightly, the black powder used during this period would quickly foul the barrel, making even the Brunswick's design more and more difficult to load as the rifle was used.
The Lebel rifle had the distinction of being the first military rifle to use smokeless powder ammunition.
Two transitional repeating infantry bolt action rifles, still chambered for the 11mm Gras black powder cartridge, followed the Mle 1878 rifle: the Mle 1884 and the Mle 1885 rifles.

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