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risk and function
NSAIDs predispose to peptic ulcers, renal failure, allergic reactions, and occasionally hearing loss, and they can increase the risk of hemorrhage by affecting platelet function.
This bodyguard function was often executed by the leader's most loyal warriors, and was extremely effective throughout most of early human history, leading assassins to attempt stealthy means, such as poison ( which risk was answered by having another person taste the leader's food first ).
If your side has two aces and a void, then you are not at risk of losing the first two tricks, so long as ( a ) your void is useful ( i. e., does not duplicate the function of an ace that your side holds ) and ( b ) you are not vulnerable to the loss of the first two tricks in the fourth suit ( because, for instance, one of the partnership hands holds a singleton in that suit or the protected king, giving your side second round control ).
Empirical risk minimization seeks the function that best fits the training data.
Structural risk minimize includes a penalty function that controls the bias / variance tradeoff.
In empirical risk minimization, the supervised learning algorithm seeks the function that minimizes.
When is a conditional probability distribution and the loss function is the negative log likelihood:, then empirical risk minimization is equivalent to maximum likelihood estimation.
For the special case where is a joint probability distribution and the loss function is the negative log likelihood a risk minimization algorithm is said to perform generative training, because can be regarded as a generative model that explains how the data were generated.
Turgot recognizes that there is opportunity cost and risk involved in using capital for something other than land ownership, and he promotes interest as serving a “ strategic function in the economy .”
There are other methods of estimation that minimize the posterior risk ( expected-posterior loss ) with respect to a loss function, and these are of interest to statistical decision theory using the sampling distribution (" frequentist statistics ").
If a risk averse consumer has a utility function over consumption x, and if is differentiable, then the consumer is not prudent unless the third derivative of utility is positive, that is,.
This function is crucial to prevent the risk of precipitation into insoluble amorphous aggregates.
Chronic lead exposure and lead-contaminated alcohol are risk factors for gout due to the harmful effect of lead on kidney function.
Drugs causing increased diuresis ( diuretics ) is generally an alternative, and have less risk of causing decreased glomerular filtration rate through the kidneys and resultant decreased kidney function.
Additionally, many CFOs have made the realization that an operating environment that values cash, profit margins, and risk mitigation is one that plays to the primary skills and capabilities of a procurement organization, and become increasingly involved ( directly via oversight or indirectly through improved collaboration ) with the procurement function according to a recent research report that looks at the CFO's relationship with procurement.
Poor immune function is also a risk factor for disease.
Insufficient sleep and malnutrition have been associated with a greater risk of developing infection following rhinovirus exposure ; this is believed to be due to their effects on immune function.
VaR can also be written as a distortion risk measure given by the distortion function < math > g ( x ) =
* median-unbiased estimator, minimizes the risk of the absolute-error loss function
* Posterior mean, which minimizes the ( posterior ) risk ( expected loss ) for a squared-error loss function ; in Bayesian estimation, the risk is defined in terms of the posterior distribution.
* Posterior median, which minimizes the posterior risk for the absolute-value loss function.
In this sense, the scope of the term immunosuppression in general includes both beneficial and potential adverse effects of decreasing the function of the immune system, whereas the term immunodeficiency in general refers solely to the adverse effect of increased risk for infection.
) An agent possesses risk aversion if and only if the utility function is concave.

risk and is
( B ) A message runs too great a risk of being distorted if it is to be relayed more than about six consecutive times.
`` I may possibly be a greater risk than is the normal person of my age '', the President had said on February 29th of the election year, ignoring the fact that no one of his age had ever lived out another term.
`` My doctors assure me that this increased percentage of risk is not great ''.
No consideration of risk urges itself upon him now: for this is what the mind does with the ideas on which it has not properly focussed.
It is my studied conviction that no nation will ever risk general war against us unless we should become so foolish as to neglect the defense forces we now so powerfully support.
There is a risk that instead of teaching a person how to be himself, reading fiction and drama may teach him how to be somebody else.
But for the United States and its SEATO allies to attempt to shore up a less tough, less combat-tested government army in monsoon-shrouded, road-shy, guerrilla-th'-wisp terrain is a risk not savored by Pentagon planners.
Having hedged its bets in this way, PHS apparently decided it would be possible to make some sort of determination after all: `` At present radiation levels, and even at somewhat higher levels, the additional risk is slight and very few people will be affected ''.
It is not a medieval mental quirk or an attitude `` unnourished by sense '' to believe that husbands and wives should not be subjected to such a risk, or that such a possibility should not be permitted to endanger the confidentiality of the marriage relationship.
Willingness to take the risk of early and direct interpretation ( with the proviso that if the interpretation is too threatening, the worker can withdraw ) is another prominent feature in these efforts.
Innumerable motels from Tucson to New York boast swimming pools ( `` swim at your own risk '' is the hospitable sign poised at the brink of most pools ).
Can the church risk assuming that the `` folly '' of men is as dear to God as their `` wisdom '', or, as is also commonly implied, that `` the foolishness of God '' and `` the foolishness of men '' are simply two ways of talking about the same thing??
And yet this is exactly the risk we run when we assume, as we too often do, that we can continue to preach the gospel in a form that makes it seem incredible and irrelevant to cultured men.
`` It is worse for a nation to give in to evil than to run the risk of annihilation ''.
`` If Philip Toynbee is claiming that the choice lies between capitulation and the risk of nuclear war, I think he is right.
The western terrestrial garter snake ( Thamnophis elegans ) in California is largely aquatic and depends heavily on two species of frog that are diminishing in numbers, the Yosemite toad ( Bufo canorus ) and the mountain yellow-legged frog ( Rana muscosa ), putting the snake's future at risk.
It may have been preceded by an optional " pre-answer " motion to dismiss or demurrer ; if such a motion is unsuccessful, the defendant must file an answer to the complaint or risk an adverse default judgment.
The term also broadly refers to any enterprise that is potentially fraught with physical, financial or psychological risk, such as a business venture, a love affair, or other major life undertakings.
According to adventurer André Malraux, in his La Condition Humaine ( 1933 ), " If a man is not ready to risk his life, where is his dignity ?".
Yinka Ebo of Cancer Research UK disputed the findings, concluding that " there is still not enough evidence to suggest that using mouthwash that contains alcohol will increase the risk of mouth cancer ".
Dominican amber, especially Dominican blue amber, is mined through bell pitting, which is dangerous due to the risk of tunnel collapse.

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