The Old Princely Court ( Curtea Veche ) was built by Mircea Ciobanul, and under subsequent rulers, Bucharest was established as the summer residence of the court, competing with Târgoviște for the status of capital after an increase in the importance of southern Muntenia brought about by the demands of the suzerain power, the Ottoman Empire.

The rulers of the competing island states of Ternate and Tidore also sought Portuguese assistance and the newcomers were welcomed in the area as buyers of supplies and spices during a lull in the regional trade due to the temporary disruption of Javanese and Malay sailings to the area following the 1511 conflict in Malacca.

Maria Theresa, as a woman, was perceived as weak, and other rulers ( such as Charles Albert of Bavaria ) put forward their own competing claims to the crown as male heirs with a clear genealogical basis to inherit the elected dignities of the great Imperial title.

A good example of this is a maqama on musk, which purports to compare the feature of different perfumes but is in fact a work of political satire comparing several competing rulers.

He became embroiled in local politics and left when his strict judgments in the laissez-faire island kingdom began to chafe with its rulers.

The arrival of the Germans ended the war, and social changes brought about by the war established kings as rulers of the island, the most widely known being King Auweyida.

Unlike other rulers of the island, the Order of St. John did not have a " home country " outside the island.

James is one of the rulers reported to have conducted a language deprivation experiment, sending two children to be raised by a mute woman alone on the island of Inchkeith, to determine if language was learned or innate.

Electryone died a virgin and the sons became legendary astronomers and rulers of the island, accounting for the cities among which it was divided.

The rulers of the four seas, Blue Heron, Frog, White Thunder, and Big Water Creature could stand it no more, and told the beings of the island that they must all leave this world.

* The UK cedes its factory of Fort Marlborough in Bencoolen ( Bengkulu ) and all its property on the island of Sumatra to the Netherlands and will not establish another office on the island or make any treaty with its rulers.

After various rulers and Crusaders had passed through, the island was taken by the Venetians at the end of the 14th century.

Norman rulers followed a policy of steadily Latinization ( converting the island to Catholicism ).

Along with the rulers of the island, some 800 natives were also baptized to the Roman Catholic Church.

Al-Ḥākim also struggled with the Qarmatiyya rulers of Bahrain, an island in the Persian Gulf as well as territory in Eastern Arabia.

Islam was spread from the coasts to the interior of the island and generally in a top-down process in which rulers were converted and then introduced more or less orthodox versions of Islam to their peoples.

Around this time, the local Korčula rulers began to exercise diplomacy and legislate a town charter to secure the independence of the island, particularly with regard to internal affairs, given its powerful neighbors.

It guaranteed the autonomy of the island, apart from her outside rulers: the Grand Principality of Raška, the semi-independent Great Principality of Zahumlje and the Republics of Ragusa and Venice.

In the 16th – 17th centuries the Buru territory was claimed by the rulers of Ternate island and by the Portuguese ; both claims were however symbolic, as neither party controlled the island but only visited it on trade matters.

Signed on January 20, 1874, on the island of Pangkor off Perak, the treaty is significant in the history of the Malay states as it legitimized British control of the Malay rulers and paved the way for British imperialism in Malaya.

Both Koxinga and the Manchu rulers established a feudal system, which in its view began to disintegrate with the introduction of 19th century Western capital into the island.

From 1879 to 1916, the island served as a quarantine centre for thousands of Indian indentured labourers brought in by the British colonial rulers.

During this period the Dutch had defeated the Bintan rulers and taken control of the island by the end of the 18th century ; this had brought to an end the local trading supremacy.

He banished the former rulers from the newly conquered land, and set up his new base at the most favourable location on Karmøy, the largest island in Rogaland.

Though in theory subject directly to the pope, these rulers had been practically independent or dependent on other states for generations.

It was used to describe the unlimited power and authority of the Pharaohs of Egypt, employed in the Byzantine court as a title of nobility, used by the rulers of Byzantine vassal states, and adopted as a title of the Byzantine Emperors.

After India was invaded by the Mongol Khans and Turkic Muslims, the rulers of their major states on the subcontinent were titled Sultān, In this manner, the only empress-regnant ever to have actually sat on the throne of Delhi was Razia Sultan.

Completely overshadowed by Prussia and Austria, the smaller German states were generally characterized by political lethargy and administrative inefficiency, often compounded by rulers who were more concerned with their mistresses and their hunting dogs than with the affairs of state.

As a result, much territories of former Vijaynagar Empire were captured by Deccan Sultanates and the remaining got divided into many states ruled by Hindu rulers.

The British Indian Empire, which included present-day India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, was divided into two types of territories: the Provinces of British India, which were governed directly by British officials responsible to the Governor-General of India ; and princely states, under the rule of local hereditary rulers who recognised British suzerainty in return for local autonomy, in most cases as established by treaty.

Between 1945 and 1980, the posture of Western European states towards Liberia was largely that of the U. S .. Americo-Liberian rulers received hundreds of millions of dollars in unrestricted foreign investment, mainly from the U. S., but also from Western Europe.

The independent status of these Lombard states is in general attested by the ability of their rulers to switch suzerains at will.

* United Kingdom: List of rulers of the United Kingdom and predecessor states

State governments are led by Chief Ministers ( Menteri Besar in Malay states or Ketua Menteri in states without hereditary rulers ), who are state assembly members from the majority party in the Dewan Undangan Negeri.

Through his eldest daughter, he would become ancestor to the long line of kings and co-rulers of the Bosporan Kingdom, the longest-living Roman client kingdom, as well as the rulers and royalty of several other Roman client states.

Mecca was never the capital of any of the Islamic states but Muslim rulers did contribute to its upkeep.

Over the centuries various rulers had tried to unify the German states without success until Bismarck.

A republic is a form of government in which the country is considered a " public matter " ( Latin: res publica ), not the private concern or property of the rulers, and where offices of states are subsequently directly or indirectly elected or appointed rather than inherited.

A current example of such a state is Malaysia where the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected every five years by the Conference of Rulers composed of the nine hereditary rulers of the Malay states.

Religious persecution is also prohibited, although religious persecution in Muslim majority states have occurred, especially during periods of cruel rulers and general economic hardships.

While the Constitution declares Islam as the official religion, with ceremonial rulers as head of Islam in their respective states, other religions may be freely practiced ( albeit with restrictions against proselytizing to Muslims ).

The relationship of Gregory to other European states was strongly influenced by his German policy, since the Holy Roman Empire, by taking up most of his energies, often forced him to show to other rulers the very moderation which he withheld from the German king.

" It was this Legalist thought combined with strong leadership from long-lived rulers, openness to employ talented men from other states, and little internal opposition that gave the Qin such a strong political base.

The rulers of these states styled themselves as kings, rather than using the titles of lower nobility they had previously held.

Sharing the language and culture of the Shang, the early Zhou rulers, through conquest and colonization, established a large imperial territory wherein states as far as Shandong acknowledged Zhou rulership and took part in elite culture.

The County of Castile, which originally included Cantabria ( excepting Liébana ), part of Vizcaya, most of Burgos and parts of La Rioja., became the leading force in the northern Christian states ' 800-year Reconquista (" reconquest ") of central and southern Spain from the Muslim rulers who had dominated most of the peninsula since the early 8th century.

Napoleon elevated the rulers of the two largest Confederation states, Saxony and Bavaria, to the status of kings.

A number of factors have been shown by Arvind and Stirton to have had a determinative role in the decision by the German states to receive the Code, including territorial concerns, Napoleonic control and influence, the strength of central state institutions, a feudal economy and society, rule by liberal ( enlightened despotism ) rulers, nativism ( local patriotism ) among the governing elites, and popular anti-French sentiment.