Help


[permalink] [id link]
+
Page "Space debris" ¶ 19
from Wikipedia
Edit
Promote Demote Fragment Fix

Some Related Sentences

satellites and were
The satellites were said to be large radio dishes between 20 and 100 meters in diameter in geostationary orbits.
Weather satellites were able to indicate the trend of climate change.
While there were wide needs for accurate navigation in military and civilian sectors, almost none of those were seen as justification for the billions of dollars it would cost in research, development, deployment, and operation for a constellation of navigation satellites.
On 21 October 2011 the first two of four operational satellites were launched to validate the system.
The first four operational satellites for navigation were launched in 2011 and once this In-Orbit Validation ( IOV ) phase was has been completed, additional satellites will be launched.
The first two Galileo In-Orbit Validation satellites were launched by Soyuz ST-B flown from Guiana Space Centre on October 21, 2011.
The first two satellites were launched on 21 October 2011 from Guiana Space Centre using a Soyuz launcher.
Those 4 IOV Galileo satellites were constructed by Astrium GmbH and Thales Alenia Space.
In February 2012 eight additional satellites were ordered, bringing the total to 22 FOC satellites.
Space probes have been placed into orbit around all the five planets known to the ancients: first Mars ( Mariner 9, 1971 ), then Venus ( Venera 9, 1975 ; but landings on Venus and atmospheric probes were performed even earlier ), Jupiter ( Galileo, 1995 ), Saturn ( Cassini / Huygens, 2004 ), and most recently Mercury ( MESSENGER, March 2011 ), and have returned data about these bodies and their natural satellites.
Operational satellites for television use were launched between 1984 and 1990.
When the first scientific satellites were launched in the first half of 1958 — Explorers 1 and 3 by the US, Sputnik 3 by the Soviet Union — they observed an intense ( and unexpected ) radiation belt around Earth, held by its magnetic field.
One of the leading VSAT service providers is Syscomptech, they were voted the best Direct VSAT Marketers in 2008 and maintains satellites with direct footprints over Nigeria.
In mid-1987 both satellites were still functioning.
The Daily Telegraph on 1 May 2008 reported that tunnels were being built into hillsides which could be capable of hiding up to 20 nuclear submarines from spy satellites.
Early satellites were each constructed as a unique " one-off " designs.
Late in the 20th century, cross-country microwave radio relays were replaced by fixed-service satellites.
Searches for satellites of Eros took place on January 28, and 4 and 9 February, none were found.
This is another proposed use of beam-powered propulsion, used on objects that were not designed to be propelled by it, for example small pieces of scrap knocked off (" spalled ") satellites.
NII was to have included more than just the physical facilities ( more than the cameras, scanners, keyboards, telephones, fax machines, computers, switches, compact disks, video and audio tape, cable, wire, satellites, optical fiber transmission lines, microwave nets, switches, televisions, monitors, and printers ) used to transmit, store, process, and display voice, data, and images ; it was also to encompass a wide range of interactive functions, user-tailored services, and multimedia databases that were interconnected in a technology-neutral manner that will favor no one industry over any other.
As used for Central and Eastern European countries it implies that the countries in question were " satellites " under the hegemony of the Soviet Union.
However, communications satellites have not been thought of, and TV broadcasts are still limited to line-of-sight, as they were at the time of writing.

satellites and normally
On satellites, each transponder normally carries one channel, however small, independent channels can be used on each transponder, with some loss of bandwidth due to the need for guard bands between unrelated transmissions.
BSS ( DBS direct broadcast satellites ) normally carry 16 to 32 transponders of 27 MHz bandwidth running at 100 to 240 watts of power, allowing the use of receiver antennas as small as 18 inches ( 450 mm ).
The fact that the satellites are in orbit and normally move with respect to the receiver means that the calculation of the position of the satellite needs to be taken into account as well, which can only be handled effectively with a computer.
Terrestrial microwave vehicles can usually be identified by their masts which can be extended up to 50 feet ( 15 m ) in the air ( to allow line-of-sight with the station's receiver antennas ), while satellite trucks normally use a dish that points skywards towards one of the geostationary communications satellites.

satellites and boosted
, 169 Ariane flights have boosted 290 satellites, successfully placing 271 of them on orbit ( 223 main passengers and 48 auxiliary passengers ) for a total mass of 575, 000 kg successfully delivered on orbit.
Unless Low Earth Orbit satellites are routinely boosted to higher orbits, they slowly fall, and eventually burn up in Earth's atmosphere.
The Hubble Space Telescope was then boosted to a higher orbit and redeployed to continue its mission of providing views of the universe which are unmatched by ground-based telescopes or other satellites.
Combined with its three satellites, it boosted channel 12's signal to cover almost two-thirds of Kansas.

satellites and into
Thus, when the Russians sent up their first sputnik, American chagrin was human enough, and American determination to put American satellites into orbit was perfectly understandable.
The Navy Research Laboratory continued advancements with their Timation ( Time Navigation ) satellites, first launched in 1967, and with the third one in 1974 carrying the first atomic clock into orbit.
For instance it is the most common way to transfer satellites into geostationary orbit, after first being " parked " in low earth orbit.
There is currently a system where marketers and advertisers are able to tap into satellites, and broadcast commercials and advertisements directly to cell phones, unsolicited by the phone's user.
With these satellites in place China's domestic satellite communication network went into operation, facilitating television and radio transmissions and providing direct-dial longdistance telephone, telegraph, and facsimile service.
Since then, thousands of satellites have been launched into orbit around the Earth.
A few space probes have been placed into orbit around other bodies and become artificial satellites to the Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and the Sun.
A search of the NSSDC Master Catalog at the end of October 2010 listed 6, 578 satellites launched into orbit since 1957, the latest being Chang ' e 2, on 1 October 2010.
Artificial satellites must be launched into orbit, and once there they must be placed in their nominal orbit.
Studying colours and spectra provides insight into the objects ' origin and a potential correlation with other classes of objects, namely centaurs and some satellites of giant planets ( Triton, Phoebe ), suspected to originate in the Kuiper belt.
In 1764, Charles Bonnet said in his Contemplation de la Nature that, " We know seventeen planets that enter into the composition of our solar system is, major planets and their satellites ; but we are not sure that there are no more.
Over time, a massive system of artificial satellites was placed into orbit around Earth.
** The first of 24 Global Positioning System satellites is placed into orbit.
* Two new ESA satellites successfully lofted into orbit ( European Space Agency )
* New Scientist: Huge ' launch ring ' to fling satellites into orbit — article about research into a circular mass driver ( October 2006 )
It is easy for the impact ejecta to be lost from the satellites into space because the satellites ' surfaces lie fairly close to the edge of their Roche spheres due to their low density.
Low earth orbiting satellites are less expensive to launch into orbit than geostationary satellites and, due to proximity to the ground, do not require as high signal strength ( Recall that signal strength falls off as the square of the distance from the source, so the effect is dramatic ).
Due to launch costs, most current amateur satellites are launched into fairly low Earth orbits, and are designed to deal with only a limited number of brief contacts at any given time.
The clouds reflect this radiation back to the ground, thus enabling satellites to see the " shadow " it casts into space.
Both of these scientific missions into outer space have gathered large amounts of data about the gas giants of the solar system, and their orbiting satellites, about which little had been previously known.

0.531 seconds.