But it has been during the last two centuries, during the scientific revolution, that our independence from the physical environment has made the most rapid strides.

The major effect of these advances appears to lie in the part they have played in the industrial revolution and in the tools which scientific understanding has given us to build and manipulate a more protective environment.

1543 A.D. is often venerated as the birthday of the scientific revolution.

Then came the scientific revolution in the late 1920's.

Similarly, the influences of philosophers such as Sir Francis Bacon ( 1561 – 1626 ) and René Descartes ( 1596 – 1650 ), who demanded more rigor in mathematics and in removing bias from scientific observations, led to a scientific revolution.

Deistic viewpoints emerged during the scientific revolution of 17th century Europe and came to exert a powerful influence during the eighteenth century enlightenment.

The 17th century saw a remarkable advance in scientific knowledge, the scientific revolution.

However, by the 1960s, scientific behaviourism met substantial difficulties and eventually gave way to the cognitive revolution.

Although his political career ended in disgrace, he remained extremely influential through his works, especially as philosophical advocate and practitioner of the scientific method during the scientific revolution.

For example, the revolution period of Jupiter's moon Io is 152853. 5047 seconds, a value that would be represented in standard-form scientific notation as 1. 528535047 seconds.

Almost 70 years after Copernicus's death and building on his theories, astronomer Johannes Kepler from Stuttgart was a leader in the 17th century scientific revolution.

Copernicus's book, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium ( On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres ), published just before his death in 1543, is often regarded as the starting point of modern astronomy and the defining epiphany that began the scientific revolution.

Modern engineering as it is understood today took form during the scientific revolution, though much of the mathematics and science was built on the work of the Greeks, Egyptians, Mesopotamians, Chinese, Indians and Muslims.

A key figure in the 17th century scientific revolution, he is best known for his eponymous laws of planetary motion, codified by later astronomers, based on his works Astronomia nova, Harmonices Mundi, and Epitome of Copernican Astronomy.

It fed the growing Renaissance, and since it greatly facilitated scientific publishing, it was a major catalyst for the later scientific revolution.

On one hand, Marx, in the 19th century's deepest critique of the dehumanising aspects of this system, noted that defining features of capitalism include alienation, exploitation, and recurring, cyclical depressions leading to mass unemployment ; on the other hand capitalism is also characterised by " revolutionizing, industrializing and universalizing qualities of development, growth and progressivity " ( by which Marx meant industrialisation, urbanisation, technological progress, increased productivity and growth, rationality and scientific revolution ), that are responsible for progress.

This was an important contribution to astronomy and the philosophy of science and some scholars have thus referred to this new approach as the first scientific revolution.

Ptolemy's model, like those of his predecessors, was geocentric and was almost universally accepted until the appearance of simpler heliocentric models during the scientific revolution.

In the 1950s and the 1960s, a behavioral revolution stressing the systematic and rigorously scientific study of individual and group behavior swept the discipline.

An epistemological paradigm shift was called a " scientific revolution " by epistemologist and historian of science Thomas Kuhn in his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.

A scientific revolution occurs, according to Kuhn, when scientists encounter anomalies that cannot be explained by the universally accepted paradigm within which scientific progress has thereto been made.

It was therefore not until the publication of J.H. Round's `` The Settlement Of The South And East Saxons '', and W.H. Stevenson's `` Dr. Guest And The English Conquest Of South Britain '', that a scientific basis for place-name studies was established.

A credulousness, a distaste for documentation, an uncritical reliance on contemporary accounts, and a proneness to assume a theory as true before adequate proof was provided were all evidences of his failure to comprehend the use of the scientific method or to evaluate the responsibilities of the historian to his reading public.

In short, scientific sampling was introduced in place of subjective sampling.

Likewise, Kant formulated the nebular hypothesis, according to which the solar system was evolved from a rotating mass of incandescent gas, nearly a half century before its scientific value was made plain by Laplace in his Systeme Du Monde.

For what concerns all scientific disciplines is precisely that which can be captured for the rational, i.e., for the scientific determination of what in past ages was considered ultimate and irrational.

There was no close examination of his clothes for bloodstains, and certainly no scientific test was made of them.

An elaborate system of accounting and reports was worked out, and the trade was to be managed in the most scientific way.

Recently, the possibility that the alcohol used in mouthrinses acts as a carcinogen was raised, but there is to date no scientific consensus on the issue.

B. Rhine, who was critical in the early foundations of parapsychology as a laboratory science, was committed to finding scientific evidence for the spiritual existence of humans.

The twentieth century saw a burgeoning of technological applications of the large body of scientific knowledge that was by then in place.

The treaty was a diplomatic expression of the operational and scientific cooperation that had been achieved " on the ice ".

It was also intended so that Americans with disabilities would be kept in the mainstream in terms of scientific and medical research and developments, especially opening future opportunities in Space exploration to them, as well as public policy changes, healthcare law and policy changes, and civil rights protections and public law changes for Americans with physical, mental and cognitive disabilities.

Such breadth was customary among the leading scientific intellectuals of the day.

As a self-described " confirmed scientific rationalist ", Tylor believed that this view was " childish " and typical of " cognitive underdevelopment ", and that it was therefore common in " primitive " peoples such as those living in hunter gatherer societies.

In addition to his scientific work, he was a social activist who was critical of what he considered to be an unjust social and economic system in 19th-century Britain.

Wallace was a prolific author who wrote on both scientific and social issues ; his account of his adventures and observations during his explorations in Indonesia and Malaysia, The Malay Archipelago, was one of the most popular and influential journals of scientific exploration published during the 19th century.

The tenacity with which present metaphysical attitudes fetishize private intuition offers the strongest evidence that the gulf between scientific and delphic ways of philosophizing is built into the present conflict over the limits and purpose of science, religion and ideology.

Longships were sea vessels made and used by the Vikings from the Nordic countries for trade, commerce, exploration, and warfare during the Viking Age although scientific analysis of the oak timber shows at least one well known ship was built in Dublin, Ireland.

The history of thermodynamics as a scientific discipline generally begins with Otto von Guericke who, in 1650, built and designed the world's first vacuum pump and demonstrated a vacuum using his Magdeburg hemispheres.

Mariner 3 ( together with Mariner 4 known as Mariner-Mars 1964 ) was one of two identical deep-space probes designed and built by Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) for NASA's Mariner Mars 1964 Project that were intended to conduct close-up ( flyby ) scientific observations of the planet Mars and transmit information on interplanetary space and the space surrounding Mars, televised images of the Martian surface and occultation data of spacecraft radio signals as affected by the Martian atmosphere back to Earth.

Founded after World War II, the first scientific instruments built at LASP were launched into space using captured German V-2 rockets.

" The following year, J. Robert Oppenheimer, scientific director of the Manhattan Project that built the first atomic bomb, then working as a consultant to the Atomic Energy Commission, was stripped of his security clearance after a four-week hearing.

In the Antiquities of the Jews, Josephus refers to Seth as virtuous and of excellent character, and reports that his descendants invented the wisdom of the heavenly bodies, and built the " pillars of the sons of Seth ", two pillars inscribed with many scientific discoveries and inventions, notably in astronomy.

The region has since been built up around TKK and VTT, and is at the core of Finnish scientific and technological activities.

The scientific instrumentation of Explorer 1 was designed and built under the direction of Dr. James Van Allen of the University of Iowa containing:

Furthermore, the scientific mindset itself is built on a much more " primordial " foundation of practical, everyday knowledge.

In 1861, the library ’ s medical and scientific collections were transferred to the Radcliffe Science Library, which had been built farther north next to the University Museum.

It is believed that it was built by early Finnish-Swedish settlers at some time after 1638 and before 1700, but its precise age has not been determined with scientific methods.

Virchow's most widely known scientific contribution is his cell theory, which built on the work of Theodor Schwann.

However, a " proof of concept " model of a differential analyser which made extensive use of Meccano parts was built at Manchester University, UK, in 1934, by Douglas Hartree and Arthur Porter: use of Meccano meant that the machine was cheap to build, and it proved " accurate enough for the solution of many scientific problems ".

Abingdon is close to several major scientific employers: the UKAEA at Culham ( including the Joint European Torus ( JET ) fusion research project ), Harwell Laboratory, the STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and the new Diamond Light Source synchrotron, which is the largest UK-funded scientific facility to be built for over 40 years.

The son of an Indian Raja, he is a scientific genius who roams the depths of the sea in his submarine, the Nautilus, which was built on a deserted island.

Just north of the city a new scientific center has been built in which most of the natural sciences ( Chemistry, Microbiology, Plant Pathology, Agronomy, Forestry, Geology, Physics, Computer Science ) are now located, including the GZMB.

The teachings of the religion envisage Houses of Worship being surrounded by a number of dependencies dedicated to social, humanitarian, educational, and scientific pursuits, although none has yet been built to such an extent.

The automata in the Hellenistic world were intended as toys, religious idols, or tools for demonstrating basic scientific principles, including those built by Greek mathematician Hero of Alexandria ( sometimes known as Heron ).

* Pardis, which is built as a scientific city.

Combining scientific knowledge and mechanical skills, the Wright brothers built and flew several gliders.

The telescope design attracted the attention of several people in the scientific establishment such as Robert Hooke, the Oxford physicist who eventually built the telescope 10 years later, and Sir Robert Moray, polymath and founding member of the Royal Society.