Archaeological confirmation of Bethlehem as an Israelite city was uncovered in 2012 at the archaeological dig at the City of David in the form of a bulla ( seal impression in dried clay ) in ancient Hebrew script that reads " From the town of Bethlehem to the King ," indicating that it was used to seal the string closing a shipment of grain, wine, or other goods sent as a tax payment in the 8th or 7th century BCE.

Ur-Nammu ( seated ) bestows governorship on Ḫašḫamer, patesi ( high priest ) of Iškun-Sin ( cylinder seal impression, ca.

Present-day impression of a Late Bronze Age seal

A seal is a device for making an impression in wax, clay, paper, or some other medium, including an embossment on paper, and is also the impression thus made.

The seal-making device is also referred to as the seal matrix or die ; the imprint it creates as the seal impression ( or, more rarely, the sealing ).

If the impression is made purely as a relief resulting from the greater pressure on the paper where the high parts of the matrix touch, the seal is known as a dry seal ; in all other cases a liquid or liquified medium ( such as ink or wax ) is used, usually in another color than the paper.

* c. 2500 BCE: Cylinder seal from Sumer and its impression are made.

The town has two Latin mottoes, which appeared on the earliest burgh seal of which an impression of 1296 is on record:

After only 17 years, the seal was no longer making a good impression ( probably due to a worn counterdie ).

A sealing is a counter-relief impression of a relief signature placed on a seal.

Bulla is the name of this seal, because whether of wax, lead, or gold, the material making the seal had to be melted to soften it and take on an impression: Latin bullire, " to boil ".

Arguments have been made that Narmer is Menes because of his appearance on a mud seal impression found in Abydos in conjunction with the gameboard hieroglyph for " mn ", which appears to be a contemporary record of the otherwise mythical king.

The original seal and its press have been lost, but it is known that it was nearly identical to the seal in use today ( from an impression on a document from 1796 ).

Working with a plaster impression, Sayce translated the cuneiform text of a seal " Tarritktimme, king of the country of Erme " ( Walters Gallery, Baltimore ).

A seal impression bearing Hotepsekhemwy's name was found near the entrance of the tomb of Qa ' a ( Tomb Q ) by the German Archaeological Institute in the mid-1990s.

The discovery of the seal impression has been interpreted as evidence that Qa ' a was buried, and therefore succeeded, by Hotepsekhemwy, the founder of the second dynasty of Egypt, as Manetho states.

While the wax is still soft, the seal ( preferably at the same temperature as the wax, for the best impression ) should be quickly and firmly pressed into it and released.

And, that this our grant and the confirmation of our present charter for us and for our heirs and for our successors or assigns, whoever they may be, should remain firm and unshaken for ever, we have strengthened this present charter with the impression of our seal, these men being witnesses.

It bears the seal of King Ahaz of Judah, who ruled from 732-716 BC. Another important source regarding the historicity of Ahaz comes from Tiglat Pileser III annals, mentioning tributes and payments he received from Ahaz, king of Judah and Menahem, king of Israel

Since the seal represents all of the three realms of the union, it is more likely that the cross refers to the union banner that King Eric tried to introduce, a red cross on yellow.

Nothing is known of her until in order to seal an alliance between two Saxon kingdoms, her half-brother, King Athelstan of England, sent two of his sisters to Germany, instructing the Duke of Saxony ( later Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor ) to choose whichever one pleased him best.

The seal contains not only the name of the king, but the name of his father, King Yehotam.

* 1215 – King John of England puts his seal to the Magna Carta.

Sarah Morris demonstrated ( Morris 2004 ) that donkeys ' ears were a Bronze Age royal attribute, borne by King Tarkasnawa ( Greek Tarkondemos ) of Mira, on a seal inscribed in both Hittite cuneiform and Luwian hieroglyphs: in this connection, the myth would appear for Greeks, to justify the exotic attribute.

* June 15 – King John of England is forced to put his seal on the Magna Carta, outlining the rights of landowning men ( nobles and knights ) and restricting the king's power.

Its seal shows its protector Emperor Charles IV, with his coats of arms as King of the Romans and King of Bohemia, kneeling in front of St. Wenceslas, the patron saint of Bohemia.

* King Lothar's seal in high quality resolution taken from the collections of the Lichtbildarchiv älterer Originalurkunden

* Guillaume de Nogaret, keeper of the seal to King Philip IV of France ( year very uncertain ) ( d. 1313 )

However, the royal seal on the wall in King Ottokar's Sceptre bears a striking resemblance with the Coat of arms of Montenegro.

In 1258, after a series of bloody riots instigated by the count's officials, the chapter finally gained permission from the King to seal off the area of the cloître and lock the gates each night.

* The original wax seal of King Philip V the Tall in the Estonian Historical Archives.

Luigi returns to Gadd with Mario, who has been sealed within a portrait by King Boo, and successfully breaks the seal to save his brother.

Yale's legacy from this interest of Stiles ' includes a portrait of Carigal by artist Samuel King, and the Hebrew words " Urim " and " Thummim " ( אורים ותמים ) on the Yale seal.

By 1196 de Gray was in the service of Prince John ( later King John ), and was keeper of John's seal by 1198.

He started his career under King William I of England, probably in the compilation of the Domesday Book, as well as being the keeper of the king's seal.

The golden seal said to have been granted to the " King of Wa ( Japan ) | Wa " by Emperor Guangwu of Han in 57 CE.

In 1643 King Christian IV ( of Denmark and Norway ) granted the young city the right to use a seal with the Norwegian lion and the Royal crown.

The coat-of-arms is inspired by the old seal of the Frostating, where King Magnus VI the law-mender is sitting with a lily sceptre in his hand.

The coat-of-arms is from 1989, but is inspired by an old seal for the district by King Håkon Magnusson from 1344.

This depiction is consistent with the remains of these birds found at other Israelite Iron Age sites, when the rooster was used as a fighting bird ; they are also pictured on other seals from the period as a symbol of ferocity, such as on the one engraved on a late-seventh-century BC red jasper seal inscribed " Jehoahaz, son of the king ", which likely it belonged to Jehoahaz of Judah " while he was still a prince during his father's life.

So she played the part of a prostitute and struck a deal with Judah for a goat with a security deposit of his staff, seal, and cord.

When Judah was able to have a goat sent to Enaim, in order to collect his staff and seal, the woman was nowhere to be found and no one knew of any prostitute in Enaim.

Tamar sent the staff, seal, and cord to Judah with a message declaring that the owner of these items was the man who had made her pregnant.

Archeological finds at Ramat Rachel have yielded dozens of seal impressions on jar handles from the 4th-3rd centuries BCE bearing the inscription yehud, the official name of the province of Judah in this period.