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The sequential consistency is weaker than strict consistency ( which would demand that operations are seen in order in which they were actually issued, which is essentially impossible to secure in distributed system as deciding global time is impossible ) and is the easiest consistency model to understand, since a system preserving that model is behaving in a way expected by an instantaneous system.
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sequential and consistency
Older multiprocessors support the sequential consistency model, while modern shared memory systems typically support the release consistency or weak consistency models.
Verifying sequential consistency is undecidable in general, even for finite-state cache-coherence protocols.
* sequential consistency
In the second, more general, sense weak consistency may be applied to any consistency model weaker than sequential consistency.
The system provides sequential consistency if every node of the system sees the ( write ) operations on the same memory part ( page, virtual object, cell, etc.
Kerrighed provides several features such as a distributed shared memory with a sequential consistency model, processes migration from one cluster node to another, and to a limited extent checkpointing.
sequential and is
Experimentation is often sequential.
An assembly line is a manufacturing process ( most of the time called a progressive assembly ) in which parts ( usually interchangeable parts ) are added to a product in a sequential manner to create a finished product much faster than with handcrafting-type methods.
The speedup of a program using multiple processors in parallel computing is limited by the sequential fraction of the program.
The speedup of a program using multiple processors in parallel computing is limited by the time needed for the sequential fraction of the program.
We are given a sequential task which is split into four consecutive parts: P1, P2, P3 and P4 with the percentages of runtime being 11 %, 18 %, 23 % and 48 % respectively.
P1 / S1 + P2 / S2 + P3 / S3 + P4 / S4, we find the new sequential running time is:
The maximum speedup in an improved sequential program, where some part was sped up times is limited by inequality
The next sequential frame is displayed, allowing the depiction of motion.
As a pathway is more or less sequential in nature, it is a victim of causality ; removing or modifying one component leads to an effect in another.
In computer science, a B-tree is a tree data structure that keeps data sorted and allows searches, sequential access, insertions, and deletions in logarithmic time.
The codex holds considerable practical advantages over other book formats, such as compactness, sturdiness, ease of reference ( a codex is random access, as opposed to a scroll, which is sequential access ), and especially economy of materials ; unlike the scroll, both recto and verso could be used for writing.
The version just described is known as sequential compactness.
The Bolzano – Weierstrass theorem gives an equivalent condition for sequential compactness when considering subsets of Euclidean space: a set then is compact if and only if it is closed and bounded.
Record access is done by navigating through the data structure using pointers combined with sequential accessing.
Access to records is either sequential ( usually in each record type ) or by navigation in the circular linked lists.
The use of a sequence of experiments, where the design of each may depend on the results of previous experiments, including the possible decision to stop experimenting, is within the scope of Sequential analysis, a field that was pioneered by Abraham Wald in the context of sequential tests of statistical hypotheses.
One specific type of sequential design is the " two-armed bandit ", generalized to the multi-armed bandit, on which early work was done by Herbert Robbins in 1952.
The sequential subset of Erlang is a functional language, with strict evaluation, single assignment, and dynamic typing.
A finite-state machine ( FSM ) or finite-state automaton ( plural: automata ), or simply a state machine, is a mathematical model of computation used to design both computer programs and sequential logic circuits.
The GIF Specification allows each image within the logical screen of a GIF file to specify that it is interlaced ; i. e., that the order of the raster lines in its data block is not sequential.
In sequential order, treatment is designed for patients to realize their altered perception of vertical, use visual aids for feedback about body orientation, learn the movements necessary to reach proper vertical position, and maintain vertical body position while performing other activities.
sequential and than
With this, files larger than 4 GB can be split up into multiple extents ( sequential series of sectors ), each not exceeding the 4 GB limit.
However, for supercomputing, the low latency of Myrinet is even more important than its throughput performance, since, according to Amdahl's law, a high-performance parallel system tends to be bottlenecked by its slowest sequential process, which in all but the most embarrassingly parallel supercomputer workloads is often the latency of message transmission across the network.
We're just interested in whether a parallel machine solves it much more quickly than a sequential machine.
On the other hand, if T is written as a unary number ( a string of n ones, where n = T ), then it only takes time n. By writing T in unary rather than binary, we have reduced the obvious sequential algorithm from exponential time to linear time.
However, for interpreters, an AST causes more overhead than a bytecode interpreter, because of nodes related to syntax performing no useful work, of a less sequential representation ( requiring traversal of more pointers ) and of overhead visiting the tree.
The resulting “ von Neumann bottleneck ” led to research into parallel computing, including non-von Neumann or dataflow models that did not use a PC ; for example, rather than specifying sequential steps, the high-level programmer might specify desired function and the low-level programmer might specify this using combinatory logic.
In his discussion of the film's relation to modernism, Thomas Schatz finds the film an unresolved " examination of the process of human interaction and interpersonal communication " and “ immediately establishes self-referential stance ” that invites the spectator “ to read the narrative as something other than a sequential development toward some transcendent truth ”.
The notion of flow was more than a sequential breakdown of processing.
During the 19th century, there were many artists in Europe drawing cartoons, occasionally even utilizing sequential multi-panel narration, albeit mostly with clarifying captions and dialogue placed under the panels, rather than the word balloons commonly used nowadays.
Matrix multiplication can be extended to the case of more than two matrices, provided that for each sequential pair, their dimensions match.
Parallel computer programs are more difficult to write than sequential ones, because concurrency introduces several new classes of potential software bugs, of which race conditions are the most common.
If the sequential portion of a program accounts for 10 % of the runtime, we can get no more than a 10 × speed-up, regardless of how many processors are added.
Critics considered the score to be Sullivan's finest, including its overture, which is in sonata form, rather than being written as a sequential pot-pourri of tunes from the opera, as in most of the other Gilbert and Sullivan overtures.
** Compositional information, which is different than sequential information.
The fundamental principles established at the Institute by Blau and the late Corrigan included ideas like “ no technique in advance of need ,” and that a curriculum should be cyclical rather than sequential, returning to root principles at regular intervals, and that “ we ’ re a community of artists here, some of us called faculty and some called students.
A given power stroke can last no more than 180 degrees of crankshaft rotation, so the power strokes of a four-cylinder engine are sequential, with no overlap.
Some processors can determine that instructions other than the next sequential one are not dependent on the current ones and can be executed without hazards.
Rather than neatly delineated stages, the modes of representation are integrated and only loosely sequential as they " translate " into each other.
CGT has a different emphasis than " traditional " or " economic " game theory, which was initially developed to study games with simple combinatorial structure, but with elements of chance ( although it also considers sequential moves, see extensive-form game ).
Delta encoding is a way of storing or transmitting data in the form of differences between sequential data rather than complete files ; more generally this is known as data differencing.
Perhaps the simplest example is storing values of bytes as differences ( deltas ) between sequential values, rather than the values themselves.
Also, due to the presence of memory elements, the controllability and observability of the internal signals in a sequential circuit are in general much more difficult than those in a combinational logic circuit.
These factors make the complexity of sequential ATPG much higher than that of combinational ATPG, where a scan-chain ( i. e. switchable, for-test-only signal chain ) is added to allow simple access to the individual nodes.
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