The first electronic programmable digital computer, the ENIAC, using thousands of octal-base radio vacuum tubes, could perform simple calculations involving 20 numbers of ten decimal digits which were held in the vacuum tube accumulators.

A simple vacuum distillation system as exemplified above can be used, whereby the vacuum is replaced with an inert gas after the distillation is complete.

A very simple version is a U-shaped tube half-full of liquid, one side of which is connected to the region of interest while the reference pressure ( which might be the atmospheric pressure or a vacuum ) is applied to the other.

The first simple, two-pole magnetron was developed in 1920 by Albert Hull at General Electric's Research Laboratories ( Schenectady, New York ), as an outgrowth of his work on the magnetic control of vacuum tubes in an attempt to work around the patents held by Lee De Forest on electrostatic control.

Instead, the entire structure is assembled, inserted into its metal envelope, sealed and processed in a large vacuum chamber with simple robotic devices.

However, it leads to a fairly simple picture of the vacuum state and is not easily amenable to use in some quantum field theories, such as quantum chromodynamics which is known to have a complicated vacuum characterized by many different condensates.

The main purpose of the soldering tweezers is to melt solder in the correct place ; components are usually moved by simple tweezers or vacuum pickup.

For example, Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington claimed that the cosmological constant version of the vacuum field equation expressed the " epistemological " property that the universe is " self-gauging ", and Erwin Schrödinger's pure-affine theory using a simple variational principle produced the field equation with a cosmological term.

Circuits using thermionic valves ( vacuum tubes ) were relatively large, relatively simple ( the number of large, hot, expensive devices which needed replacing was minimised ), and used large sockets, all of which made the PCB less obviously advantageous than with later complex semiconductor circuits.

These circumstances can include but are not limited to: the constriction or obstruction of airways, such as from asthma, laryngospasm, or simple blockage from the presence of foreign materials ; from being in environments where oxygen is not readily accessible: such as underwater, in a low oxygen atmosphere, or in a vacuum ; environments where sufficiently oxygenated air is present, but cannot be adequately breathed due to air contamination such as excessive smoke.

When used for ED, a purpose-designed vacuum pump is used to produce an erection by simple mechanical and hydrodynamical action in spite of vascular or nerve damage, and the ring slid off the pump's cylinder onto the base of the penis to maintain the erection before it is lost.

Normal laboratory fractionation columns will be simple glass tubes ( often vacuum jacketed, and sometimes internally silvered ) filled with a packing, often small glass helices of 4 to 7 mm diameter.

This train was also fitted with ' simple ' ( non-automatic ) continuous vacuum brakes, and these were lost when the engine became disconnected.

MR. CHANNING ( Northamptonshire, E .) I beg to ask the President of the Board of Trade whether 11 years ago, in reporting upon a serious collision on the Great Northern of Ireland Railway, between two portions of a train which had become separated, General Hutchinson pointed out to the Company that an automatic brake would have absolutely prevented the collision, by arresting the carriages the moment the separation occurred ; whether at that time the secretary of the company informed General Hutchinson that the simple vacuum brake, whose failure caused this accident, was being merely tried experimentally on the line, and that the company had not yet come to a decision as to what brake would be finally adopted ; and, whether, in spite of this recommendation, this simple vacuum brake, upon the failure of which General Hutchinson reported in 1878, has remained in use on the Great Northern of Ireland line ever since, and is the same brake that was in use in the recent disastrous collision near Armagh?

The earliest scheme was a simple vacuum brake, in which vacuum was created by operation of a valve on the locomotive ; the vacuum actuated brake pistons on each vehicle, and the degree of braking could be increased or decreased by the driver.

There we see a basically simple phonemic system enmeshed in a very complex and puzzling morphophonemic system.

The system as indicated in Fig. 7-2 is fundamental and simple because the transient effects of both the platform servo and the accelerometer have been neglected.

The tsunami-warning system developed since the 1946 disaster in Hawaii relies mainly on a simple and ingenious instrument devised by Commander C. K. Green of the Coast and Geodetic Survey staff.

These can range from simple spelling changes and word forms to switching the entire writing system itself, as when Turkey switched from the Arabic alphabet to a Turkish alphabet of Latin origin.

Many devotees and critics of Korzybski reduced his rather complex system to a simple matter of what he said about the verb " to be.

The game is unusual in that no dice are used in resolving conflicts or player actions ; instead a simple diceless system of comparative ability, and narrative description of the action by the players and gamemaster, is used to determine how situations are resolved.

These can be as simple as a searchlight for a police helicopter or as complicated as the tactical system for an airborne early warning platform.

( Such as when displaying partially transparent composited elements in an embedded system which provides only a simple frame buffer.

AARP is a fairly simple system.

Aberrations occur because the simple paraxial theory is not a completely accurate model of the effect of an optical system on light, rather than due to flaws in the optical elements.

The introduction of simple auxiliary terms, due to C. F. Gauss ( Dioptrische Untersuchungen, Göttingen, 1841 ), named the focal lengths and focal planes, permits the determination of the image of any object for any system ( see lens ).

More recent IUPAC recommendations now suggest the newer term " hydronium " be used in favor of the older accepted term " oxonium " to illustrate reaction mechanisms such as those defined in the Brønsted – Lowry and solvent system definitions more clearly, with the Arrhenius definition serving as a simple general outline of acid – base character.

For a Gaussian response system ( or a simple RC roll off ), the rise time is approximated by:

User tests, which are usually performed by clients or end-users, do not normally focus on identifying simple problems such as spelling errors and cosmetic problems, nor showstopper defects, such as software crashes ; testers and developers previously identify and fix these issues during earlier unit testing, integration testing, and system testing phases.

Applied to being the system fails to arrive at a definition for the simple reason that no difference can be found.

Unless a caller was using terminal emulation software written for, and running on, the same type of system as the BBS, the session would simply fall back to simple ASCII output.

As a pharmaceutical, simple bromide ion, Br < sup >–</ sup >, has inhibitory effects on the central nervous system, and bromide salts were once a major medical sedative, before being replaced by shorter-acting drugs.

The distinction between broadcast and collision domains comes about because simple Ethernet and similar systems use a shared transmission system.

The term BIOS ( Basic Input / Output System ) was invented by Gary Kildall and first appeared in the CP / M operating system in 1975, describing the machine-specific part of CP / M loaded during boot time that interfaces directly with the hardware ( a CP / M machine usually has only a simple boot loader in its ROM ).

A simple nomenclature system was introduced in 1978 by Angst, J., et al., to classify more easily individuals ' affectedness within the spectrum, following a clinical study by the Psychiatric University Clinic of Zürich.

Cephalochordates have a notochord and a nerve cord ( but no brain or specialist sensory organs ) and a very simple circulatory system.

The solution of the problem is a special case of a Steiner system, which systems play an important role in the classification of finite simple groups.

Connectionism relies on the idea that the mind / brain is composed of simple nodes and that the power of the system comes primarily from the existence and manner of connections between the simple nodes.

On her bureau lay a small, brass ornament of simple design and faded engraving -- an object which, Pamela believed now, had been the property of her great-grandfather, Major Hiram Munroe Culver.

Somehow the thought of a simple man bewildered by things no one had ever really helped him understand moved the driver.

Besides, her endearments and caresses in the carriage had been new and stirring experiences to the simple youth.

My wish to meet Samuel Beckett had been prompted by simple curiosity and interest in his work.

After almost everyone had gone he told me the simple story of how one of his neighbors had moved a fence a few feet over on his land.

How could the rich, for whom life was made so simple, ever understand the subterfuges, the lies, the frauds, the errors, sins and even crimes to which the poor were driven in their efforts to overcome the great advantages the rich had in the race of life??

The equation was simple: wealth brought them happiness, and their united front to the world was their warning that they meant to keep everything they had, let no one in on the secrets.

Oldenburg's contributions were soon exhausted and the boys had to turn to a wider circle of the town's learned, such as the pastor, to supplement the simple teaching.

They had had to work on very simple foundations and had not dared to give rein to impulses.

By 800 social and cultural security had been achieved, at least on a simple plane ; ;

If, on the other hand, they opted for representation, it had to be representation per se -- representation as image pure and simple, without connotations ( at least, without more than schematic ones ) of the three-dimensional space in which the objects represented originally existed.

All this is simple enough, but in telling the story Porter did two important things that had not been done before.

It was a simple ivory crucifix which my mother had given me.

This -- trip of his had nothing to do with her consorting with tenants, and I am going to see that everybody at Mt. Pleasant understands that simple fact.

For Lamprias had said that the first articulate sound made is " alpha ", because it is very plain and simple — the air coming off the mouth does not require any motion of the tongue — and therefore this is the first sound that children make.

Note that this pressure increase is more than a simple 10: 1 compression ratio would indicate ; this is because the gas is not only compressed, but the work done to compress the gas has also heated the gas and the hotter gas will have a greater pressure even if the volume had not changed.

Although metics had no direct political influence many were wealthy business owners who could, and sometimes did, influence policy by not allowing their citizen employees time off to attend the assembly, as well as having the simple expedient of wealth.

The first simple commercial auto-pilots were used to control heading and altitude and had limited authority on things like thrust and flight control surfaces.

This simple melodic and harmonic progression had served as an inspiration for many baroque composers, and would be used by later romantic and post-romantic composers.

It had simple digital joysticks and was almost fully backward-compatible with the Atari 2600, the first console to have backward compatibility without the use of additional modules.

The license in favour of BVI Cable was controversial, as the Regulator had announced in advance that only three licenses in total would be issued, and BVI Cable TV had crumbling cable television infrastructure, and was in no position to office cellular telephone services ( and to date, has not offered any cellular telephone services, or anything other than simple cable television ).