* High concentrations of fluxing elements such as boron and lithium which lower the temperature of solidification within the magma or vapor

As previously discussed the solidification in the injection barrel and screw can be problematic and have financial repercussions ; therefore, minimizing the thermoset curing within the barrel is vital.

Mantle lherzolites may be the principal source rock for basaltic magmas, whereas mantle harzburgites probably form both from the crystalline residue left after basaltic magma migrates out of lherzolite and from a crystalline accumulation of early solidification products of some basaltic magmas within the mantle.

The final solidification of Riverton ’ s boundaries came when the City of Herriman incorporated in 2000, halting any possible further expansion westward by Riverton.

He expressed the relationship as the loi générale de la congélation, that if one molecule of a substance be dissolved in 100 molecules of any given solvent, the temperature of solidification of the latter will be lowered by 0. 63 ° C.

The process of crystal formation via mechanisms of crystal growth is called crystallization or solidification.

Blue Gene / L was the first supercomputer ever to run over 100 TFLOPS sustained on a real world application, namely a three-dimensional molecular dynamics code ( ddcMD ), simulating solidification ( nucleation and growth processes ) of molten metal under high pressure and temperature conditions.

The investigations fell under five basic areas of microgravity science research: fluid dynamics ( the study of how liquids and gases respond to the application or absence of differing forces ), materials science ( the study of materials solidification and crystal growth ), combustion science ( the study of the processes and phenomena of burning ), biotechnology ( the study of phenomena related to products derived from living organisms ), and technology demonstrations that sought to prove experimental concepts for use in future Shuttle missions and on Space Station Freedom.

Two methods of crystal growth, directional solidification and vapor transport, were used on USML-1.

The experiments included investigations into fluid physics, with experiments in capillarity, Marangoni convection, diffusion phenomena, and critical points ; solidification experiments ; single crystal growth ; composites ; biological studies, including cell functions, developmental processes, and the ability of plants to perceive gravity ; medical experiments, including the gravitational perceptions of humans, and their adaptation processes in space ; and speed-time interaction studies of people working in space.

The Seebeck measurement is an electrical signal which measures temperature variations during crystal growth at the boundary where liquid becomes solid — the solidification front.

The Isothermal Dendritic Growth Experiment ( IDGE ) is a materials science solidification experiment that researchers will use to investigate a particular type of solidification called dendritic growth.

Lava domes are dynamic structures that evolve over time undergoing various processes such as growth, collapse, solidification and erosion.

The Isothermal Dendritic Growth Experiment ( IDGE ) is a materials science solidification experiment that researchers use on Space Shuttle missions to investigate dendritic growth.

Nucleation and growth determine the grain size in equiaxed solidification while the competition between adjacent dendrites decides the primary spacing in columnar growth.

The value of the new candle is such that the brightness of the full radiator at the temperature of solidification of platinum is 60 new candles per square centimetre.

Another commonly used treatment is cement based solidification and stabilization.

While this technically makes these base alloys ternary Fe-C-Si alloys, the principle of cast iron solidification is understood from the binary iron-carbon phase diagram.

For a thermoplastic polymeric matrix material, the melding event is a solidification from the melted state.

Freezing or solidification is a phase transition in which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its freezing point.

In addition, integration of the area between the zero curve and the first derivative is a measure of the specific heat of that part of the solidification which can lead to rough estimates of the percent volume of a phase.

Constitutional supercooling occurs during solidification, is due to compositional changes, and results in cooling a liquid below the freezing point ahead of the solid – liquid interface.

The mold cooling effect creates an advancing solidification front, which has several associated zones, closer to the wall there is a solid zone which draws heat from the solidifying melt, for alloys there may exist a " mushy " zone, which is the result of solid-liquid equilibrium regions in the alloy's phase diagram, and a liquid region.

Continuous casting methods for ingot processing also exist, whereby a stationary front of solidification is formed by the continual take-off of cooled solid material, and the addition of molten liquid to the to casting process.

The result was directional solidification processing in which grain boundaries were eliminated by producing columnar grain structures aligned parallel to the axis of the blade, since this is usually the direction of maximum tensile stress felt by a blade during its rotation in an airplane.

Stabilization / solidification ( S / S ) is a remediation / treatment technology that relies on the reaction between a binder and soil to stop / prevent or reduce the mobility of contaminants.

Since the solidification rate is inversely proportional to the particle size smaller particles can be made using water atomisation.

Downlinked experiment data indicates that solidification of a crystal of mercury cadmium telluride is taking place, and the AADSF science team is constantly monitoring this slow but steady progress.

MEPHISTO is used to conduct a series of melting and solidification cycles on three identical rod-shaped samples of a bismuth-tin alloy.

IDGE is a fundamental materials science experiment performed in the microgravity environment of space in order to increase understanding of the solidification processes.

" By using a furnace with three temperature zones — each independently controlled — and growing the crystal slowly in one direction, a flatter solidification front, or crystallization boundary, is achieved.

The Advanced Automated Directional Solidification Furnace ( AADSF ) is a sophisticated materials science facility used for studying a common method of processing semiconductor crystals called directional solidification.

Between 1950 and 1969, an increasingly large readership for manga emerged in Japan with the solidification of its two main marketing genres, shōnen manga aimed at boys and shōjo manga aimed at girls.

Between 1950 and 1969, increasingly large audiences for manga emerged in Japan with the solidification of its two main marketing genres, shōnen manga aimed at boys and shōjo manga aimed at girls.

In addition, microfractures may be filled with secondary silica and form thin lamellae inside the opal during solidification.

* Controlled unidirectional solidification of a eutectic alloy can result in a two-phase microstructure with one of the phases, present in lamellar or fiber form, distributed in the matrix.

The molecules are made large and " soft " enough to retain good viscosity at higher temperatures, yet branched molecular structures interfere with solidification and therefore allow flow at lower temperatures.

Larger molten particles have the fission products diffused through the outer layers, and fused and non-melted particles that were not heated sufficiently but came in contact with the vaporized material or scavenged droplets before their solidification have a relatively thin layer of high activity material deposited on their surface.

Refractory elements ( Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm ) form oxides with high boiling points ; these precipitate the fastest and at the time of particle solidification, at temperature of 1400 ° C, are considered to be fully condensed.

Also, there were some equipment problems with the Automatic Directional Solidification Furnace, an experiment to investigate the melting and solidification of various materials in zero-gravity.

The MEPHISTO team reported that they have gathered good data with their directional solidification furnace.

In the first sample, the temperature fluctuations of the moving solidification are measured electrically, with disturbing the sample.

In the third sample, the faceted solidification front is marked at selected intervals with electric current pulses.

The Particle Engulfment and Pushing by Solidifying Interfaces ( PEP ) experiment objectives were to generate an accurate value for the critical velocity in a convection-free environment, validate present theoretical model, enhance fundamental understanding of dynamics of insoluble particles at liquid / solid interfaces, and improve understanding of physics associated with solidification of liquid metals-ceramic particles mixtures.

Richie Unterberger of Allmusic states that " if there are flaws in this generally first-rate follow-up, they mostly arise in comparison with Guyville, a record of such unexpected impact that most anything Phair could have done may have been found lacking " and that " there's no question that Phair is a major songwriter and artist, but this album is more a solidification of her talents than a breakthrough statement.

After 6 – 12 minutes, coagulation begins manifested initially by a gradual increase of viscosity that terminates with almost complete solidification.

When ice-nine comes into contact with liquid water below 45. 8 ° C ( thus effectively becoming supercooled ), it acts as a seed crystal and causes the solidification of the entire body of water, which quickly crystallizes as more ice-nine.

After solidification, the graphite block is placed inside an oven with a laser pointed at it, and argon gas is pumped along the direction of the laser point.