Abbad II al-Mu ' tadid ( 1042 – 1069 ), the son and successor of al-Qasim, became one of the most remarkable figures in Iberian Muslim history.

In 819 CE, Ahmad ibn Asad -- son of Asad ibn Saman -- was granted authority over the city of Fergana by Caliph Al-Ma ' mun's governor of Khorasan, Ghassan ibn ' Abbad, as a reward for his support against the rebel Rafi ' ibn Laith.

* 1044-Abbad III al-Mu ' tamid, son of the Abbadid Emir of Seville Abbad II al-Mu ' tadid, retakes Mértola, since 1033 an independent Taifa.

* 1044-Abbad III al-Mu ' tamid, son of the Abbadid Emir of Seville Abbad II al-Mu ' tadid, retakes Mértola, since 1033 an independent Taifa.

Soon after Hermias ' death, Aristotle was invited by Philip II of Macedon to become the tutor to his son Alexander in 343 BC.

However, there is no evidence that his son and ultimate successor, Constantius II, who was an Arian Christian, was exiled.

Constantine's son Constantius II, who had become Emperor of the eastern part of the Empire, actually encouraged the Arians and set out to reverse the Nicene creed.

* 1203 – Isaac II Angelos, restored Eastern Roman Emperor, declares his son Alexios IV Angelos co-emperor after pressure from the forces of the Fourth Crusade.

* 1920 – Carol Lambrino, Romanian son of Carol II of Romania ( d. 2006 )

He was a son of king Alaric II and his first wife Theodegotho, daughter of Theodoric the Great.

Ahmed II was born at Topkapı Palace, Constantinople, the son of Sultan Ibrahim I ( 1640 – 48 ) by Valide Sultan Khadija Muazzez, and succeeded his brother Suleiman II ( 1687 – 91 ) in 1691.

Hasan Ali Shah was succeeded as Imam by his eldest son Aqa Ali Shah, who became Aga Khan II.

Agesilaus was the son of Archidamus II and his second wife, Eupoleia, brother to Cynisca ( the first woman in ancient history to achieve an Olympic victory ), and younger half-brother of Agis II.

We do know that he was not expected to succeed to the throne after his brother king Agis II, largely due to the fact that he was crippled from birth, and since the latter had a son, named Leotychidas.

Demetrius Soter's son Demetrius II profited by the opportunity to regain the throne.

Alexander II was a king of Epirus, and the son of Pyrrhus and Lanassa, the daughter of the Sicilian tyrant Agathocles.

He was, however, dispossessed of both Macedon and Epirus by Demetrius II of Macedon, the son of Antigonus II ; upon which he took refuge amongst the Acarnanians.

Alexander Alexandrovich Romanov was born on 10 March 1845 in Saint Petersburg, Russia, the second son of Emperor Alexander II of Russia and his wife Maria Alexandrovna ( Marie of Hesse ).

Alexander was born at Roxburgh, the only son of Alexander II by his second wife Marie de Coucy.

* Alexander of Judaea, son of Aristobulus II, king of Judaea

However, this situation changed drastically when Alexios ' first son John II Komnenos was born in 1087: Anna's engagement to Constantine was dissolved, and she was moved to the main Palace to live with her mother and grandmother.

Although he had crowned his son John II Komnenos co-emperor at the age of five in 1092, John's mother Irene Doukaina wished to alter the succession in favor of her daughter Anna and Anna's husband, Nikephoros Bryennios the Younger.

Alexios II Komnenos or Alexius II Comnenus () ( 10 September 1169 – 24 September 1183, Constantinople ), Byzantine emperor ( 1180 – 1183 ), was the son of Emperor Manuel I Komnenos and Maria, daughter of Raymond, prince of Antioch.

She excluded her young son from power, entrusting it instead to Alexios the prōtosebastos ( a cousin of Alexios II ), who was popularly believed to be her lover.

Alexios IV Angelos, the son of the deposed Isaac II, had recently escaped from Constantinople and now appealed to the crusaders, promising to end the schism of East and West, to pay for their transport, and to provide military support to the crusaders if they helped him to depose his uncle and sit on his father's throne.

He was succeeded by his eldest son Hasan Ali Shah, also known as Muhammad Hasan, who became the 46th Imam.

Although the proposal seemed to have been approved, the plans of the British were thwarted by the uprising of Dost Muhammad's son Muhammad Akbar Khan, who defeated and annihilated the British-Indian garrison at Gandamak on its retreat from Kabul in January 1842.

The lineage of Muhammad was: Muhammad ; the son of Abd Allah ibn Abd al Muttalib ; the son of Abdul Muttalib ; the son of Hashim ibn ' Abd Manaf ; the son of Abd Manaf ibn Qusai ; the son of Qusai ibn Kilab ; the son of Kilab ibn Murrah ; the son of Murrah.

His parents were Abdallah's son Muhammad and Muzna ( or Muzayna ), a Christian concubine.

Muhammad and the concubine Maria Qibtia had a son, named Ibrahim.

After the birth of Ibrahim, other wives of Muhammad alleged that Ibrahim was not his son, which proved not to be the case.

Evidences multiplying attesting Ruhi's increasing rebelliousness, efforts exerted my eldest sister pave way fourth alliance members family Siyyid Ali involving marriage his granddaughter with Ruha's son and personal contact recently established my own treacherous, despicable brother Riaz with Majdi'd-Din, redoubtable enemy Faith, former henchman Muhammad -' Ali, Archbreaker Bahá ' u ' lláh's Covenant.

Having consolidated his conquests in Syria ( 1831 – 38 ), Ibrahim Pasha, son of the viceroy of Egypt, Muhammad Ali Pasha, made the fatal mistake of trying to disarm the Christians and Druzes of the Lebanon and to draft the latter into his army.

Muhammad Akbar Khan, son of the captive Dost Muhammad, arrived in Kabul and became effective leader of the sirdars.

Following the revolt, Muhammad Pasha, the son of Muhammad Ali, expelled nearly 10, 000 of the local peasants to Egypt, while bringing loyal Arab peasants from Egypt and discharged soldiers to settle the coastline of Palestine, northern Jordan Valley was settled by his Sudanese troops.

Saladin's brother Al-Adil Sayf ad-Din ( often called " Saphadin " by the crusaders ) acquired al-Jazira ( northern Mesopotamia ), and al-Adil's son al-Mu ' azzam took possession of Karak and Transjordan.

He proclaimed himself Sultan of Egypt and Syria, entrusting Damascus to al-Mu ' azzam and al-Jazira to his other son al-Kamil.

The death of al-Mu ' azzam negated the proposed alliance with al-Kamil, who along with his brother al-Ashraf had taken possession of Damascus ( as well as Jerusalem ) from their nephew, al-Mu ' azzam's son an-Nasir Dawud.

He also laid out parks and a palace for his son al-Mu ' tazz.

Al-Adil's son al-Mu ' azzam took possession of Karak and Transjordan.

He proclaimed himself Sultan of Egypt and Syria afterward and entrusted the governance of Damascus to al-Mu ' azzam and al-Jazira to his other son al-Kamil.

Al-Kamil's position was strengthened when al-Mu ' azzam died in 1227 and was succeeded by his son an-Nasir Dawud.

Al-Kindi's position would be enhanced under al-Mu ' tasim, who appointed him as a tutor to his son.

He was succeeded not by his son, Al-Abbas ibn al-Ma ' mun, but by his half-brother, al-Mu ' tasim.

The great Arab mathematician al-Kindi was employed by al-Mu ' tasim, and tutored the Caliph's son.

Then al-Mu ’ tasim appeared and sat on the chair and said, ‘ Bring Ahmad ibn Hanbal .’ So he was brought and when he stood in front of him al-Mu ’ tasim said to him, ‘ How were you in your cell during the night, 0 son of Hanbal ?’ He said, “ In goodness, and all praises are due to Allaah .” Al-Mu ‘ tasim said, ‘ 0 Ahmad, I saw a dream yesterday .’ He said,

They gave me a hook and said to me, ‘ This written ( piece ) is the dream that Ahmad ibn Hanbal saw in his cell .’ So what is it that you saw, 0 son of Hanbal ?’ So Ahmad faced al-Mu ’ tasim and said, “ 0 Ameerul-Mu ’ mineen, is the book with you ?” He said, ‘ Yes, and when I awoke, I read what was in it.

Sulaymaan as-Sijzee said, ‘ Al-Mu ’ tasim leapt upon hearing that and said, ‘ You have spoken the truth, 0 son of Hanbal .’ Then al-Mu ’ tasim repented, ordered the necks of Bishr al-Mareesee and Ibn Abee Duwaad to be beaten and revered Ahmad ibn Hanbal

Al-Mutawakkil son al-Mu ’ tasim was the first of these oppressive caliphs.

The mother of al-Ḥākim's heir ‘ Alī az-Zāhir was the umm al-walad Amīna Ruqayya, daughter to the late prince ‘ Abdu l-Lāh, son of al-Mu ‘ īzz.

He was succeeded by his son, Hisham II al-Mu ' ayad, who was 11 years old at the time and was a nominal ruler under the Hajib ( Grand Vizier ) al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir.

The army's pay having been withheld, Salih son of Wasif, one of the rebels, seized the personal secretaries of al-Mu ' tazz and demanded the money embezzled or concealed by them.

After the death of al-Mu ' tazz, the Turks chose his cousin, al-Muhtadi, son of al-Wathiq by a Grecian slave-girl, as the new Caliph.

After Al-Muwaffaq fell ill, he transferred substantial authority to his son, al-Mu ' tadid.

In the year following his brother's death, al-Mu ' tamid was obliged to publicly remove his own son from the succession and recognize al-Mu ' tadid as his successor.