image: Apollo17UV. jpg | A model of the UV spectrometer used to take the first accurate measurements of the constituents of the Moon's atmosphere.

An Accelerator mass spectrometry | accelerator mass spectrometer used for radiocarbon dating and other analysis.

In this case, a separate source ( a deuterium lamp ) with broad emission is used to measure the background absorption over the entire width of the exit slit of the spectrometer.

Mass spectrometer techniques can also be used.

Such a spectrometer will also be used by the Philae lander of the Rosetta spacecraft to probe the surface of the 67P / Churyumov-Gerasimenko comet.

Diffusion pumps used on the Calutron mass spectrometer s during the Manhattan Project.

The composition of gases at high vacuums will usually be unpredictable, so a mass spectrometer must be used in conjunction with the ionization gauge for accurate measurement.

Mass spectrometer used in radiometric dating

The mass spectrometer was invented in the 1940s and began to be used in radiometric dating in the 1950s.

A spectrometer ( spectrophotometer, spectrograph or spectroscope ) is an instrument used to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically used in spectroscopic analysis to identify materials.

A spectrometer is used in spectroscopy for producing spectral lines and measuring their wavelengths and intensities.

Claude-Auguste Lamy used a spectrometer that was similar to Crookes ' to determine the composition of a selenium-containing substance which was deposited during the production of sulfuric acid from pyrite.

* Infrared interferometer spectrometer and radiometer, an instrument used in the Voyager space program

In addition, it performed twenty-five soil analyses with its RIFMA x-ray fluorescence spectrometer and used its penetrometer at 500 different locations.

In addition, it performed 25 lunar soil analyses with its RIFMA x-ray fluorescence spectrometer and used its penetrometer at 500 different locations.

where E < sub > binding </ sub > is the binding energy ( BE ) of the electron, E < sub > photon </ sub > is the energy of the X-ray photons being used, E < sub > kinetic </ sub > is the kinetic energy of the electron as measured by the instrument and φ is the work function of the spectrometer ( not the material ).

Recently the CD spectrometer at the electron storage ring facility ISA at the University of Aarhus in Denmark was used to record solid state CD spectra down to 120 nm.

Often, a spectrometer is used to give quantitative values for color strength.

In addition, Lunokhod 1 performed twenty-five soil analyses with its RIFMA X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and used its penetrometer at 500 different locations.

* A Fabry – Pérot etalon can be used to make a spectrometer capable of observing the Zeeman effect, where the spectral lines are far too close together to distinguish with a normal spectrometer.

A spectroscope or a spectrometer is an instrument which is used for separating the components of light, which have different wavelengths.

The width of absorption lines may be determined by the spectrometer used to record it.

Experimentally, the frequency shifts in Brillouin scattering are detected with an interferometer, while Raman setup can be based on either interferometer or dispersive ( grating ) spectrometer.

Having said this, some groups are now beginning to develop the use of broadband LED or supercontinuum sources for CRDS, the light of which can then be dispersed by a grating onto a CCD, or Fourier transformed spectrometer ( mainly in broadband analogues of CRDS ).

* SIR-2, A near infrared spectrometer from ESA, built at the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Polish Academy of Science and University of Bergen, also maped the mineral composition using an infrared grating spectrometer.

Similar to optical spectrometers, a plane grating spectrometer first needs optics that turns the divergent rays emitted by the x-ray source into a parallel beam.

The latter feature allows a much more compact design for achieving high resolution than for a grating spectrometer because x-ray wavelengths are small compared to attainable path length differences.

It was equipped with a gamma-ray spectrometer, UV grating monochromator, electron and proton spectrometers, gamma-ray burst detectors, solar wind plasma detectors, and two-frequency transmitters which made measurements before, during, and after the Venus flyby.

For example, a spectrometer fitted with a diffraction grating may be checked by using it to measure the wavelength of the D-lines of the sodium electromagnetic spectrum which are at 600nm and 589. 6 nm.

* OGS, Objective grating spectrometer

In the spectrograph mode, the energy of the incident electron remains fixed and a grating spectrometer is used to the detect the emitted photons over a range of photon energies.

Although the grating spectrometer is very stable over time, the set-up can be very complex and its maintenance can be very expensive.

Examples include a solid body with a cavity filled with an inviscid, incompressible, homogeneous liquid, the static equilibrium configuration of a stressed elastic rod in elastica theory, the polarization dynamics of a light pulse propagating through a nonlinear medium, the Lorenz system in chaos theory, and the motion of an ion in a Penning trap mass spectrometer.

There are several methods for measuring the temporal coherence of the light ( see: field-autocorrelation ), including the continuous wave Michelson or Fourier transform spectrometer and the pulsed Fourier transform spectrograph ( which is more sensitive and has a much shorter sampling time than conventional spectroscopic techniques, but is only applicable in a laboratory environment ).

The Fourier transform spectrometer is just a Michelson interferometer but one of the two fully reflecting mirrors is movable, allowing a variable delay ( in the travel-time of the light ) to be included in one of the beams.

A given spectrometer has a spectral bandwidth that characterizes how monochromatic the light is.

* an airglow ultraviolet spectrometer ( OUVS ) to measure scattered and emitted UV light

An MCD spectrometer begins with a light source that emits a monochromatic wave of light.

This image shows the Martian terrain through the eyes of the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit's mini-thermal emission spectrometer, an instrument that detects the infrared light, or heat, emitted by objects.

NICMOS is an imager and spectrometer built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. that allows the HST to observe infrared light, with wavelengths between 0. 8 and 2. 4 micrometers, providing imaging and slitless spectrophotometric capabilities.

Quantum levels are fixed levels with a logarithmic, descending quantum pattern in the visible spectrum of light that can be observed through a spectrometer while looking at intense flows of electricity through the various halides on the periodic table in a vacuum tube.

Its instrumentation included temperature, pressure, and light sensors as well as an altimeter, gamma ray spectrometer, gas analyzer, and radio transmitters.

Then the rover performed an overnight alpha particle X-ray spectrometer reading on an area of soil that had a mix of light and dark colors.

Instruments carried on the DRO include a synthetic aperture radar, a visible light camera, a near-infrared camera, and a spectrometer.