When an alphabet is adopted or developed for use in representing a given language, an orthography generally comes into being, providing rules for the spelling of words in that language.

* A language may use different sets of symbols or different rules for distinct sets of vocabulary items, such as the Japanese hiragana and katakana syllabaries, or the various rules in English for spelling words from Latin and Greek, or the original Germanic vocabulary.

At the other extreme are languages such as English, where the spelling of many words simply has to be memorized as they do not correspond to sounds in a consistent way.

Abbreviations have been used as long as phonetic scripts have existed, in some sense actually being more common in early literacy, where spelling out a whole word was often avoided, initial letters commonly being used to represent words in specific application.

The Rochester Method focuses on oral language and speech, spelling spoken words.

The spelling Christ ( Greek Genitive:, toú Christoú ,; Nominative:, ho Christós ) in English was standardized in the 18th century, when, in the spirit of the Enlightenment, the spelling of certain words was changed to fit their Greek or Latin origins.

The difference between the pronunciation and spelling of " chicano " and " mexicano " stems from the fact that the modern-day Spanish language experienced a change in pronunciation regarding a majority of words containing the " x " ( for example: México, Ximenez, Xavier, Xarabe ).

* Canadian spelling sometimes retains the British practice of doubling consonants when adding suffixes to words even when the final syllable ( before the suffix ) is not stressed.

At later ages symptoms can include a difficulty identifying or generating rhyming words, or counting syllables in words ( phonological awareness ), a difficulty segmenting words into individual sounds, or blending sounds to make words, a difficulty with word retrieval or naming problems, commonly very poor spelling which has been called dysorthographia ( orthographic coding ), and tendencies to omit or add letters or words when writing and reading are considered classic signs.

The complexity of a language's orthography or spelling rhyming words formally, its orthographic depth – has a direct impact on how difficult it is to learn to read that language.

In dyslexia, dysgraphia is often multifactorial, due to impaired letter writing automaticity, finger motor sequencing challenges, organizational and elaborative difficulties, and impaired visual word form which makes it more difficult to retrieve the visual picture of words required for spelling.

Like many other alphabetic orthographies, English spelling does not represent non-contrastive phonetic sounds ( that is, minor differences in pronunciation which are not used to distinguish between different words ).

Although the letter ⟨ t ⟩ is pronounced by some speakers with aspiration at the beginning of words, this is never indicated in the spelling, and, indeed, this phonetic detail is probably not noticeable to the average native speaker not trained in phonetics.

In these cases, a given morpheme ( i. e. a component of a word ) has a fixed spelling even though it is pronounced differently in different words.

Anne Sullivan arrived at Keller's house in March 1887, and immediately began to teach Helen to communicate by spelling words into her hand, beginning with " d-o-l-l " for the doll that she had brought Keller as a present.

Latin spelling or orthography refers to the spelling of Latin words written in the scripts of all historical phases of Latin, from Old Latin to the present.

From his own experiences as a teacher, Webster thought the Speller should be simple and gave an orderly presentation of words and the rules of spelling and pronunciation.

Slowly, edition by edition, Webster changed the spelling of words, making them " Americanized.

Of course, there are different types of swearing and, without spelling it out, you really ought to avoid the ' worst words ' regardless of who you ’ re talking to ".

The spelling Ἀπόλλων had almost superseded all other forms by the beginning of the common era, but the Doric form Απέλλων is more archaic, derived from an earlier * Απέλjων.

Similarly, the Italian verb corresponding to ' spell ( out )', compitare, is unknown to many Italians because the act of spelling itself is rarely needed: Italian spelling is highly phonemic.

In standard Spanish, it is possible to tell the pronunciation of a word from its spelling, but not vice versa ; this is because certain phonemes can be represented in more than one way, but a given letter is consistently pronounced.

For English, this is partly because the Great Vowel Shift occurred after the orthography was established, and because English has acquired a large number of loanwords at different times, retaining their original spelling at varying levels.

Bolivian Sign Language, for example, is essentially ASL, apart from changes in initialized signs to make them match the spelling of Spanish.

The Greek ( LXX ) spelling in this passage is Archad.

The can be used in Applesoft BASIC as a shortcut for " PRINT ", though spelling out the word is not only acceptable but canonical — Applesoft converted "?

Armour or armor ( see spelling differences ) is protective covering used to prevent damage from being inflicted to an object, individual or a vehicle through use of direct contact weapons or projectiles, usually during combat, or from damage caused by a potentially dangerous environment or action ( e. g., cycling, construction sites, etc .).

Ayahuasca is the Hispanicized spelling of a word in the Quechua languages, which are spoken in the Andean states of Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, and Colombia.

In Welsh, the shortened form Y Fenni may have come into use for a very short period after about the 15th century, although pronounced similarly in English or Welsh the English spelling Abergavenny is in general use.

The spelling and names in both the 1609 – 1610 Douay Old Testament ( and in the 1582 Rheims New Testament ) and the 1749 revision by Bishop Challoner ( the edition currently in print used by many Catholics, and the source of traditional Catholic spellings in English ) and in the Septuagint ( an ancient translation of the Old Testament in to Greek, which is widely used by the Eastern Orthodox instead of the Masoretic text ) differ from those spellings and names used in modern editions which are derived from the Hebrew Masoretic text.

In Buddhism, a bodhisattva ( bodhisattva ; bodhisatta ) is either an enlightened ( bodhi ) existence ( sattva ) or an enlightenment-being or, given the variant Sanskrit spelling satva rather than sattva, " heroic-minded one ( satva ) for enlightenment ( bodhi ).

Part of the Gaelic lexicon, this spelling suggests a Germanic ( Saxon ) origin, as the ' w ' is most likely pronounced as a ' v '.

Beltane () is the anglicised spelling of the Goidelic name for either the month of May or the festival held on the first day of May.

Irish bua ( Classical Irish buadh ), Buaidheach, Welsh buddugoliaeth ), and that the correct spelling of the name in the British language is Boudica, pronounced ( the closest English equivalent to the vowel in the first syllable is the ow in " bow-and-arrow ").

Behavior or behaviour ( see American and British spelling differences ) is the range of actions and mannerisms made by organisms, systems, or artificial entities in conjunction with their environment, which includes the other systems or organisms around as well as the physical environment.

Much like the relationship between British English and American English, the Austrian and German varieties differ in minor respects ( e. g., spelling, word usage and grammar ) but are recognizably equivalent and largely mutually intelligible.

Canadian English spelling is largely a blend of British and American conventions.

Although publication has been based in the United States since 1901, the Britannica has largely maintained British spelling.

This is largely due to the complex history of the English language, together with the absence of systematic spelling reforms implemented in English, in contrast to the position in a number of other languages.

The difference in strategy and philosophy of Johnson and Webster are largely responsible for the main division in English spelling that exists today.

Orthography is largely concerned with matters of spelling, and in particular the relationship between phonemes and graphemes in a language.

although the 1972 Indonesian alphabet reform was largely a concession of Dutch-based Indonesian to the English-based spelling of Malaysian.

The irregularity of English spelling is largely an artifact of how the language developed.

" However, the spelling " Corea " was occasionally used even under full colonial rule and both it and " Korea " were largely eschewed in favour of the Japanese-derived " Chosen ".

Spelling bees are rare to nonexistent in countries whose national language follows more phonemic spelling rules, as compared to the largely historical spelling of the English and French languages.

The sounds which literate people perceive being heard in a word are largely influenced by the actual spelling of the word.

The programme purported to reveal that the Brethren had a vigorous and largely untold political history going back at least to 1993, and claimed to provide evidence of a trail spelling out how its members have spent millions in state and federal elections and overseas, including the USA.

Although the sign might initially appear to be in German and uses an approximation of German grammar, it is composed largely of words that are either near-homonyms of English words or ( in the cases of the longer words ) actual English words that are rendered in a faux-German spelling.

* English vocabulary is largely a melding of ancient Latin, Greek, French and Germanic terms, which have very different phonemes and approaches to spelling.

Most important was the Clayton Act of 1914, which largely put the trust issue to rest by spelling out the specific unfair practices that business were not allowed to engage in.

Although the representations of speech sounds are now largely identical in the Indonesian and Malaysian varieties, a number of minor spelling differences remain, usually for historical reasons.

" Caye Corker ", the alternative spelling of the name used by British cartographers, has largely fallen into disuse.

30 ( London: Trübner, 1867 ): another edition of the Crede, largely rendered obsolete by Dean's edition, although the spelling is less modernised.

The steady arrival of the Irish Careys from the medieval period onwards, the use of phonetic spelling, and the diverse range of spellings of the name, mean that the two branches have become largely indistinguishable from one another.

A vote of the parochial board in 1905 altered the accepted spelling to ' Kilmacolm ', based largely on a case made by the previously mentioned Rev.

The EIEC spelling largely corresponds to that used in the Proto-Indo-European language article, with h < sub > a </ sub > for h < sub > 2 </ sub > and h < sub > x </ sub > for unspecified laryngeals h. Lehmann attempts to give a more phonetical rendering, with ( voiceless velar fricative ) for h < sub > 2 </ sub > and ( glottal stop ) for h < sub > 1 </ sub >.