Many of the small islands are bare rock, but the larger islands have a layer of clay subsoil and peat soil supporting vegetation.

Drumlin soil is variable but on recently-formed drumlins often consists of a thin A soil horizon ( often referred to as "' topsoil '" which accumulated after formation ) and a thin Bw horizon ( commonly referred to as "' subsoil '").

Located on top of a island mound, the Petrus boutonnière or buttonhole, the topsoil and the subsoil beneath Pétrus ' original vineyards consists of a high percentage of iron-rich clay termed crasse de fer, that differs from neighbouring vineyards where the soil is a mixture of gravel-sand or clay-sand.

* Soil and microclimate: The Tokaj terrain consists of clay or loess soil on volcanic subsoil.

* Soil and microclimate: The Tokaj terroir consists of clay or loess soil on volcanic subsoil.

The B horizon is commonly referred to as " subsoil ", and consists of mineral layers which may contain concentrations of clay or minerals such as iron or aluminium oxides or organic material moved there by leaching.

The soil consists of clay, with a subsoil of sandstone and limestone.

Except for a narrow strip of greensand on the upper edge of the parish, the subsoil nearly all consists of bluish-white gault, enclosing thin streaks of gravel.

Caudill pointed out that strip mining could be done responsibly as in England, Germany, and Czechoslovakia where topsoil, subsoil, and rocks are removed separately and placed back in layers in their original order.

The argillaceous subsoil explains the formation of a clearing within the forest and the numerous stretches of water in the surrounding area.

In an archaeological excavation of the road at the southern edge of Bourne ( TF098193 ), where it ran across a margin between Kellaways clay and the argillaceous ( clayey ) Kellaways sand, it was found that the construction of the carriageway had been done by digging two parallel shallow trenches into the subsoil and over-filling them with gravel ballast so as to form kerbs.

Most soils have three major horizons -- the surface horizon ( A ), the subsoil ( B ), and the substratum ( C ).

The tribes would commonly offer Han farmers a permanent patent for use, while maintaining ownership ( skeleton ) of the subsoil ( 田骨 ), which was called " two lords to a field " ( 一田兩主 ).

As a member of the National Constituent Assembly which began on February 1, 1987, Franco voted for severance of relations between Brazil and countries that develop a policy of racial discrimination ( as was then the case of South Africa ), the establishment of the writ of mandamus Collective ; 50 % more pay for overtime after a forty hour work-week, the legalization of abortion, the continuous shift of six hours of notice proportional to length of service, the union unity, popular sovereignty, the nationalization of subsoil, the nationalization of the financial system of a limiting the payment of external debt burden and creating a fund to support land reform.

Some groundcovers can perform additional roles in the garden such as nitrogen fixation in the case of clovers, dynamic accumulation of nutrients from the subsoil in the case of creeping comfrey ( Symphytum ibericum ), and even food production in the case of Rubus Tricolor.

The subsoil is made up of mostly flame-proof and heat-proof clays ( the total clay deposits are 220 mln m³ ), the deposits of vitreous material – 11. 6 mln tons, and there are also deposits of phosphates of 94. 7 mln.

Moorland also bears a relationship to tundra ( where the subsoil is permafrost or permanently frozen soil ), appearing as the tundra retreats and inhabiting the area between the permafrost and the natural tree zone.

Due to years of winter flooding ( Acqua Alta ), the subsoil has become saturated and the campanile has begun to subside and lean.

The soil profiles are designated the letters A ( topsoil ), E ( eluviated soil ), B ( subsoil ) and C ( parent material ).

These sands have decomposed to nutrient-poor, acidic heather soils ( Podsols ), partly with hardpan in the subsoil.

In domestic affairs King strengthened the Liberal policy of increasing the powers of the provincial governments by transferring to the governments of Manitoba, Alberta, and Saskatchewan the ownership of the crown lands within those provinces, as well as the subsoil rights ; these in particular would become increasingly important, as petroleum and other natural resources proved very abundant.

When pipe-turf cannot be got conveniently, a good wedge drain may answer well, when the subsoil is a strong, stiff clay ; but if the subsoil be only moderately so, a thorn train, with couples below, will do still better ; and if the subsoil is very sandy, except pipes can be had, it is in vain to attempt under-training the fiel d by any other method.

Small amounts of subsoil saturated by groundwater were removed from far below the north side of the Tower, and the weight of the tower itself corrected the lean.

New streets, lined by regular building fronts for timber houses were added to an enlarging city between AD 900 and 935, dates arrived at by tree-ring chronology carried out on remaining posts preserved in anaerobic clay subsoil.

Traditionally, English cob was made by mixing the clay-based subsoil with sand, straw and water using oxen to trample it.

The road was constructed by excavating a wide, shallow trench below the level of subsoil Large cobbles were probably obtained from nearby, as they did not appear frequently within the subsoil in the excavated area.

These subsoil horizons can also be cemented by carbonates, gypsum or silica.

The initial design and construction was undertaken by Italian architect Adamo Boari in 1904, but complications arising from the soft subsoil and the political problem both before and during the Mexican Revolution, hindered then stopped construction completely by 1913.

The Glenrothes area's geology is predominantly made up by glacial deposits with the subsoil largely consisting of boulder clay with a band of sand and gravel in the area to the north of the River Leven.

The valley has modern alluvial terraces and gravel deposits, but the subsoil is mainly limestone, though it is intersected here and there by sandstone with plate.

The basic construction method usually begins by digging a trench down to undisturbed mineral subsoil.

Traditionally, garden soil is improved by amendment, the process of adding beneficial materials to the excavated native subsoil and topsoil.

In fact, aerial and electromagnetic prospecting is made impossible by the vegetation that that reforested the mountain since the end of grazing and the excavations of Joseph Déchelette and the nature of the subsoil.

Rainfall absorbs this salt on the surface, and carries it down into the subsoil where it is stored in unsaturated soil profiles, until it is once again mobilised by ground water and rising water tables.

Geological research findings show the city's subsoil having layers of gravel and sand Levantine and Quaternary, forming significant hydrological aquifers deposits fed by the Trotuş and Siret rivers and direct rainfalls.

An underground link with the subsoil of the Mercado Central de Abasto ( central wholesale fruit and vegetable market ) was made available on 12 July 1933, by which goods wagons with freight from the Ferrocarril Central de Buenos Aires ( Buenos Aires Central Railroad ) would arrive, driven by electric locomotives.

The structure is supported by a major pylon that prevents the shrine from sinking in the unstable subsoil.

Its leaves contain 2-3 times more potassium than farmyard manure, mined from deep in the subsoil, tapping into reserves that would not normally be available to plants.

A deep foundation is used to transfer the load of a structure down through the upper weak layer of topsoil to the stronger layer of subsoil below.

The combination of chalk in the subsoil with a dry local climate, and its agricultural use consisting primarily of cattle grazing, has created some of Denmark's richest meadowlands.

The soil is a rich loam with a subsoil of sand and gravel.

The soil is sandy, with a subsoil of sand and gravel.

Most of the central parish is on the Lower Greensand ; the soil in the eastern part of the parish is clay with gault subsoil.

The soil is light with a gravel and clay subsoil, and there are extensive coal measures.

The subsoil was made up of clay, with sand and silt as the top layer of soil.

The soil is light gravel and clay, with subsoil of rough gravel, and the local geology is carboniferous coal measures.

The soil is light sand and heavy clay, with a subsoil of beds of stone and sand.

In this context, the first proposals for the building of an underground system were made, along with requests for government grants: first, in 1886, and several more in 1889, but the Ministry of Interior ( Ministerio del Interior, in Spanish ) denied the city administration the power to license building in the subsoil of the City.

Many colluvial soils tend to have a fragipan associated with them that are a brittle subsoil layer typically high in clay.

The sand and gravel subsoil had been dug out to a depth of and the area surrounded with a timber stockade.

The picture is of a stagnopodzol in upland Wales, and shows the typical sequence of organic topsoil with leached grey-white subsoil with iron-rich horizon below.

Prior to the visit of the Society some excavations had been made under the superintendence of Mr. W Kinsey Dover, with the view of finding whether the subsoil would disclose anything that might lead to some conclusion as to the age or object of the circle.