A Pope at Avignon, the successor of Clement VI, he was a native of the hamlet of Les Monts, Diocese of Limoges ( today part of the commune of Beyssac, département of Corrèze ), and, after having taught civil law at Toulouse, he became successively Bishop of Noyon and Bishop of Clermont.

Since the Empire lacked any formal means of nominating a successor, succession usually involved the death of competing princes in order to avert civil unrest and rebellions.

Cinchona plants were introduced in 1868 by Charles Elliot ( 1863 – 1870 ) with a view to exporting quinine but the experiment was abandoned by his successor Governor C. G. E. Patey ( 1870 – 1873 ), who also embarked on a programme of reducing the civil establishment.

President Jorge Pacheco declared a state of emergency in 1968, and this was followed by a further suspension of civil liberties in 1972 by his successor, President Juan María Bordaberry.

* December 12 – Upon the death of Henry IV of Castile, a civil war ensues between his designated successor Isabella I of Castile and her sister Juana, who is supported by her husband, Alfonso V of Portugal.

He proposed substantial civil service reform, eventually passed in 1883 by his successor, Chester A. Arthur, as the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act.

He groomed the headstrong Piero II to follow as his successor in civil leadership ; Giovanni ( future Pope Leo X ) was placed in the church at an early age ; and his daughter Maddalena was provided with a sumptuous dowry to make a politically advantageous marriage to a son of Pope Innocent VIII.

Under his successor Samsu-iluna ( 1749-1712 BC ) the far south of Mesopotamia was lost to a native Akkadian king called Ilum-ma-ili and became The Sealand Dynasty, remaining free of Babylon for the next 272 years, and both the Babylonians and Amorites were driven from Assyria to the north by an Assyrian governor named Puzur-Sin, and after a civil war, a native king named Adasi seized power.

As the civil war grew, with the breakdown of centralized government and no single successor to Barre's regime emerging, the term " warlord " came into use in Somalia.

At the time of its creation and first performance, Queen Elizabeth, a strong ruler, was elderly and had refused to name a successor, leading to worries that a civil war similar to that of Rome might break out after her death.

The Star Wars: Legacy comic book series, set 130 years after Return of the Jedi, explains that, during a civil war, the New Galactic Empire known as the Fel Empire declares war on the Galactic Alliance, the successor state of the New Republic.

It has been suggested that references to Axouch's possession of the imperial seal early in the reign of John's successor Manuel I meant that he was, in addition to his military duties, the head of the civil administration of the Empire.

A full-scale civil war between 497 and 453 BC ended with the elimination of most noble lines ; the remaining aristocratic families divided Jin into three successor states: Han, Wei, and Zhao.

After al-Mansur's death in 1603, al-Maqqari established himself in Fes, where he was appointed both as mufti and as the imam of the Qarawiyyin mosque by al-Mansour's successor Zidan Abu Maali in 1618, but he had to leave Fes in that same year, probably because of the civil war between the Saadian sultans.

Erchinoald's successor, Ebroin, dominated the kingdom for the next fifteen years of near-constant civil war.

In many state court systems in the United States, magistrate courts are the successor to Justice of the Peace courts, and frequently have authority to handle the trials of civil cases up to a certain dollar amount at issue, applications for bail, arrest and search warrants, and the adjudication of petty or misdemeanor criminal offenses.

The shogun's wife, who was also a daughter of the emperor, foresaw that this choice of a successor would be very poorly received by many ; and she feared that it might result in a disastrous civil war.

The three successor states lasted until the end of the Russian civil war that was being fought across the mountains, when they were made Soviet Republics by the Red Army, and reorganized as a single republic in March 1922.

Until then, the town was part of the Norton Radstock civil parish, which was created in 1974 as a successor to the Norton-Radstock Urban District, itself created in 1933 by the merger of Midsomer Norton and Radstock urban districts, along with part of Frome Rural District.

The rebellion caused Mindon great reluctance in naming a successor to Kanaung for fear of civil war.

Regarding this as an invasion of his civil and political rights, Cornell declined to obey the mandate, whereupon a successor was nominated, but was rejected by the Senate.

Some time later he became a member of AP, and kept on a civil protest against Velasco and his 1975 successor, General Francisco Morales Bermúdez.

Women were not originally accepted as monarchs ; William II's successor, Henry I, named his daughter Matilda as his heir, but his nephew Stephen took the Throne, eventually resulting in a period of civil war known as The Anarchy, during which Matilda ruled briefly.

This rivalry soon developed into full-fledged civil war under Herihor's successor.

It remained a municipal borough until 1974, when it was merged into the South Hams district, and became a successor parish of Dartmouth with a town council.

To preserve city status, new letters patent were issued to the metropolitan borough, non-metropolitan district or successor parish councils created by the 1972 Act.

It became a successor parish in the Cumbria district of South Lakeland under the Local Government Act 1972.

Ripon is a cathedral city, market town and successor parish in the Borough of Harrogate, North Yorkshire, England, located at the confluence of two streams of the River Ure in the form of the Laver and Skell.

Although it is now governed by Harrogate Borough Council, Ripon also became a successor parish with a parish council of its own called Ripon City Council.

A successor parish continued in existence in Wokingham and is governed by Wokingham Town Council.

Within another hundred years this too was to be demolished, but it was decided that the successor should be relocated elsewhere within the parish ; a site was chosen in Kennington Park Road.

In 1974, at the same time as the creation of successor parishes, the law was changed so that any parish council could pass a resolution to declare its area a " town ", with the council known as a " town council ".

The majority of successor parishes, and a number of other small market towns now have town councils, whose powers are exactly the same as those of parish councils, although their chairmen are entitled to style themselves as " town mayor ".

Upon his father's death in 1813, Grundtvig applied to be his successor in the parish but was rejected.

The town was a successor parish, and thus kept its own town council.

When a successor parish was formed for the former borough of Appleby, the council effected a change in the town's name, to preserve the historic county's name.

It was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, and remained a municipal borough until the Local Government Act 1972 came into force in 1974 when it became a successor parish within the Ribble Valley district.

It was the successor to the vestry of the parish of Hackney, which had been the local authority since 1855.

The town lost its status as a municipal borough in 1974, when the Local Government Act 1972 made it a successor parish within the district of West Oxfordshire.

His followers ' belief was so strong that his successor as parish priest had Mason's corpse exhumed to disprove his claim of resurrection.

In July 1717 Wettstein returned to take the office of a curate at large ( diaconus communis ) at Basel, a post which he held for three years, after which he became his father's colleague and successor in the parish of St Leonard's.

The parish was created in 1974 as a successor to the Norton-Radstock Urban District which had been created in 1933 by the merger of Midsomer Norton and Radstock urban districts, along with part of Frome Rural District.

Under the Local Government Act 1972 it became a successor parish to the urban district.

Under the Local Government Act 1972 it became a successor parish to the urban district.

Where a parish council ( whether the successor of a former borough or not ) has resolved to style itself a Town Council, then its chairman is entitled to the designation Town Mayor, though in practice, the word Town is often dropped.

until the Local Government Act 1972, when it became a successor parish in the Non-metropolitan district of South Somerset.