It borders the Strait of Hormuz, which links the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman, and is separated from the rest of the sultanate by a strip of territory belonging to the UAE.

A narrow, well-populated coastal plain known as Al Batinah runs from the point at which the sultanate is reentered to the town of As Sib, about 140 kilometers to the southeast.

* February 13 – The kingdom of Mataram on Java is divided in two, creating the sultanate of Yogyakarta and the sunanate of Surakarta.

* December – Mamluk sultan of Egypt Khalil is assassinated by his regent Baydara, who briefly claims the sultanate before being assassinated himself by a rival political faction.

The Universiti Brunei Darussalam, established on 28 October 1985, only a year after the sultanate regained full independence, is located from the city center.

This is a period marked by the rise of a new threat: the Ottoman Turkish sultanate gradually spreading from Asia to Europe and conquering Byzantine Thrace first, and then the other Balkans states.

In Indonesia, sepak takraw was spread from nearby Malacca across the strait to Riau islands and Riau area in Sumatra as early as 16th century, where it is also called as Sepak Raga in local Malay tongue, at that time some of Sumatran areas were part of Malacca sultanate.

Their traditional religio-political structure is the sultanate.

Hadhramaut, Hadhramout, Hadramawt or Ḥaḍramūt ( ) is the formerly independent Qu ' aiti state and sultanate encompassing a historical region of the south Arabian Peninsula along the Gulf of Aden in the Arabian Sea, extending eastwards from Yemen to the borders of the Dhofar region of Oman.

The subsequent history of the sultanate is a never-ending story of palace intrigues and the constant competition for power between two families, the Sayyids and the Chaks.

It is considered to be one of the most important buildings built in the Delhi sultanate period.

Around middle of the century, the sultanate had a close relationship with the British ; David Livingstone, for example, is known to have stayed in Stone Town in 1866 while he was preparing his final expedition into the interior of East Africa.

The sultanate was founded in 1457 by a Johore-born Arab explorer and religious scholar Sayyid Abu Bakr Abirin after he settled in Banua Buansa Ummah ( ummah is an Arabic term for " community "), Sulu.

* Datu ( su-sultanun ), which is acquired purely by lineage to the sultanate.

Amongst the major architectural works in Bijapur sultanate, one of the earliest is the unfinished Jami Masjid ( started by Ali Adil Shah I in 1576 ).

The most important contribution of the Golkonda sultanate in the field of literature is the development of Dakhani language.

Anastasy Nikitin, a Russian traveller who spent four years in the sultanate from 1470 to 1474, left us a report which is one of the most important European accounts of life in medieval India.

The display is based on two general criteria namely – the type of social organization ( incipient, tribal or sultanate ) and the type of economic subsistence ( hunting, and gathering, marginal agriculture or farming ) under which ethnic group is categorized.

Penyengat is a historical small island ( about in area ) located about from offshore of Tanjung Pinang, which was a religious, cultural and administrative centre of the region in the 19th century of the Riao-Johor sultanate.

Another historical fact is that in 1819 the Penyangat based sultanate cooperated with Sir Stamford Raffles to handover Singapore in exchange for British Military protection.

The old ruler was the creator and author of the first Malay Language grammar book, which is a rich legacy of the Riau sultanate.

The Kingdom of Baguirmi, also known as the Baguirmi Sultanate ( 1522 – 1897 ), was an Islamic kingdom or sultanate that existed as an independent state during the 16th and 17th centuries southeast of Lake Chad in what is now the country of Chad.

It is Oman's premier maritime gateway, enjoying a prime location in the politically stable sultanate.

Domestic affairs were handled by his able vizier, Nizam al-Mulk, the founder of the administrative organization which characterized and strengthened the sultanate during the reigns of Alp Arslan and his son, Malik Shah.

John made peace with Damascus and attempted to regain Ascalon ; the Egyptians, now ruled by the Mamluk sultanate, besieged Jaffa in 1256 in response.

In 1666 the sultanate was reunited by the Alaouite dynasty, who have since been the ruling house of Morocco.

Fascist Italy was poised to re-conquer the sultanate by whatever means.

In December 1925, led by the charismatic leader Hersi Boqor, son of Boqor Osman, the sultanate forces drove the Italians out of Hurdia and Hafun, two strategic coastal towns.

* After pirates plunder an Arab ship near the mouth of the Indus River, Arabs led by Muhammad bin Qasim invade India with 6, 000 horses, establishing a sultanate in Sindh.

Mughisuddin Tughral repulsed two massive attacks of the sultanate of Delhi before finally being defeated and killed by Ghiyas ud din Balban.,

The dynasty and lands ruled by a sultan are referred to as a sultanate ().

* In the Riau archipelago: sultanate of Lingga-Riau by secession in 1818 under the expelled sultan of Johore ( on Malaya ) Sultan Abdul Rahman Muadzam Syah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud

The sultanate had strong ties with Borneo, which by the 15th century was under the influence of Islam.

Early references to Wakf in India, can be found in 13th century CE work, Insba-i-Mahru by Aynul Mulk Mulltani, described by historian Ziauddin Barani as one of the officers of Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji ( r. 1290-1296 ) first Indian ruler of the Delhi sultanate and the founder of the Khilji dynasty.

* Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt, an Egyptian sultanate ruled by Mamluks that existed between 1250 and 1517, and included Egypt, the Levant, and Hejaz.

This was a period marked by the rise of a new threat: the Ottoman Turk sultanate which spread from Asia to Europe.

When Gurdjieff and Ouspensky moved on to Europe, Bennett remained in Turkey, committed to his work and fascinated by the political and social developments that finally led to the fall of the sultanate and the proclamation, on October 29, 1923 of the Turkish republic.

* Morocco-most of the sultanate was under French protectorate ( 30 March 1912-2 March 1956 ) although, in theory, it remained a sovereign state under the Treaty of Fez ; this fact was confirmed by the International Court of Justice in 1952.

Nor was crushing the only method used by the Mughals ' execution elephants ; in the Mughal sultanate of Delhi, elephants were trained to slice prisoners to pieces " with pointed blades fitted to their tusks ".

Moroni was founded by Arabic settlers possibly during the 10th century AD as the capital of a sultanate connected commercially to Zanzibar in Tanzania.

This was a period marked by the rise of a new threat: the Ottoman Turk sultanate which spread from Asia to Europe.

* Egypt — the former khedivate and subsequently independent sultanate was ruled by Malik Misr (" King of Egypt ") from 1922 to 1951 ; and Malik Misr wa's Sudan (" King of Egypt and the Sudan ") from 16 October 1951 until the proclamation of the republic on 18 June 1953