After a very heated national debate, legislation was passed in 1985 that gave women an equal right to decide what surname or surnames they and their children would use.

A family name ( in Western contexts often referred to as a surname or last name ) is typically a part of a person's name which has been passed, according to law or custom, from one or both parents to their children.

However, since such surname cannot be passed to a descendant with a rank lower than Son of France, and since Philippe had already given up his French titles, his descendants simply took the name of their royal house as their surname (" de Bourbon ", rendered in Spanish as " de Borbón ").

Henry, the founder of the Plauen line ( d. about 1300 ), on account of his marriage with a granddaughter of King Daniel of Galicia received the surname of " der Reusse " ( Ruthenus ), whence the name passed to the country.

The title passed to two of his sons before again becoming extinct after the death of the second, William, the 6th Earl of Essex, who had taken the surname de Mandeville.

In April 2009, the Hungarian Parliament passed a Registration Partnership Act 2009 with a vote of 199 – 159, which provides a registered partnership for same-sex couples with all the benefits and entitlements of marriage ( except for marriage itself, adoption, IVF access, taking a partner's surname, parentage and surrogacy ).

However the Ribbesford estate passed to his cousin Charles Morley, who took the surname Herbert.

On the younger son's death the Petty estates passed to the aforementioned John FitzMaurice, who changed his branch of the family's surname to " Petty " in place of " FitzMaurice ", and was created Viscount FitzMaurice later in 1751 and Earl of Shelburne in 1753 ( after which his elder son John was styled Viscount FitzMaurice ).

According to the will of the Duke of Bridgewater, the Egerton estates passed on the death of the first Duke of Sutherland to his third son Lord Francis Leveson-Gower, who changed his surname to Egerton by Royal license.

In about 1235, the sub-manor of Chadderton and Foxdenton passed from Richard de Trafford of Trafford Park to Geoffrey de Trafford, who adopted the surname of Chadderton, thus founding the Chadderton family.

She was succeeded by her son, the twentieth Lord, and on his death in 1919 the title passed to his sister Ethel Eveleen Campbell, wife of Henry Tufnell Campbell, who both assumed by Royal license the additional surname of Gray the following year.

William's son ( who also changed his surname to Forrester ) inherited the title in 1681 and it continued in the male line until the death of the seventh Lord in 1763, when it passed to the sixth Lord's sister, Caroline.

On the death of the latter's cousin, Charles Sackville-Germain, 5th Duke of Dorset, in 1845, the dukedom and its subsidiary titles became extinct and the Sackville estates passed through Elizabeth to the West family who assumed the additional surname of Sackville by Royal license.

( Family names are matrilineal: the mother's maiden-name is passed down to the children, which is why female telepaths such as Lyta Alexander and Talia Winters carry their surname down the generations.

Eventually, in 1887, the Savile estates passed to his great-nephew, the diplomat John Lumley-Savile, who assumed the surname of Savile only and was created Baron Savile the following year.

The person can either use a paternal and a maternal surname combined ( à la Aníbal Cavaco Silva ) or use a double last name that has been passed down through one of the parents ( António Lobo Antunes ).

Wynnstay, near Ruabon, passed to Jane Thelwell and her husband Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, 3rd Baronet, who added the surname Wynn to his own in honor of his wife's princely heritage ( see Williams-Wynn baronets ).

His estates passed to his cousin Thomas Lumley-Saunderson, 3rd Earl of Scarbrough, who thereupon took the additional surname of Sanderson, by Act of Parliament.

Quite often, in the many years which have passed since the adoptee was born, a birth mother or female adoptee has both moved to another address, and married or remarried resulting in a change of her surname.

Sotheron-Estcourt's estates passed to his nephew George Bucknall-Estcourt, who assumed the surname of Sotheron-Estcourt and was created Baron Estcourt in 1903.

The Swithland Hall estate was held by the family of Danvers until 1796 but after the death of Sir John Danvers ( the last male of his line ) it passed to his son-in-law, Augustus Richard Butler, second son of the second Earl of Lanesborough, who adopted the surname of Danvers-Butler and afterwards inherited the title of Earl of Lanesborough.

Speaker Nailatikau has likewise passed his given name on to his children as a surname.

" Between 1758 and 1760 it passed to Dr. Russell's son William Russell, who assumed his mother's surname of Kempe, and he held it until 1787 ", after which it was owned by John Ingram, and thence Charles James Ingram.

Today, his descendants can be found in many places outside of Afghanistan, such as in America, France, Germany, and even in Scandinavian countries such as Denmark and carry the surname of Ziyaee, which is itself a derivative of the King's title.

The clan originated when the founder, Nakatomi no Kamatari ( 614-669 ), was rewarded by Emperor Tenji with the honorific " Fujiwara ", which evolved as a surname for Kamatari and his descendants.

* 1917 – King George V issues a Proclamation stating that the male line descendants of the British Royal Family will bear the surname Windsor.

His descendants took the surname Koshkin, then changed it to Zakharin, which family later split into two branches: Zakharin-Yakovlev and Zakharin-Yuriev.

* July 17 – King George V of the United Kingdom issues a proclamation, stating that thenceforth the male line descendants of the British Royal Family will bear the surname Windsor, vice the Germanic bloodline of House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, which is an offshoot of the historic ( 800 + years ) House of Wettin.

It was given to his nephew, Philippe I, Duke of Orleans, brother of Louis XIV, whose descendants still bear the surname.

An example is Di, Marquis of Ouyangting, whose descendants took the surname Ouyang.

Through an Order in Council issued in 1960, descendants of Philip and Elizabeth not bearing royal styles and titles can use the surname Mountbatten-Windsor, which has also been used by some members who do hold titles, such as Charles and Anne.

Though it is true that descendants of Kohanim often bear surnames that reflect their genealogy, there are many families with the surname Cohen ( or any number of variations ) who are not Kohanim nor even Jewish.

The prelate adds afterwards, that there was in his time in Teopixca a great settlement of that diocese, a family of the surname of Votan, who were the reputed descendants of that ancient populator.

Current descendants of Robidoux now spell their surname Rubidoux.

In Lapela, Parish of Cabril and municipality of Montalegre ( Portugal ), the land where allegedly the nickname Cabrilha originated ( allegedly pronounced at the time Cabrilhe in Galician and Cabrillo in Spanish according to João Soares Tavares, biographer of João Rodrigues Cabrilho ), and still existing in Portugal as a surname ( because of this Castro Daire, in Beira Alta, was also claimed as his birthplace ), there is the ancient house called today by local people and alleged local descendants of branches of his ancient family, the same surname ( Rodrigues Cabrilho ), as Casa do " Galego " ( House of the " Galician ") and Casa do " Americano " ( House of the " American ") where allegedly Cabrilho was born, as stated on a plaque where there is also a statue of him.

As an example, the surname Ma () includes descendants of the Warring States – era bureaucrat Zhao She, descendants of his subjects in his fief of Mafu, Koreans from an unrelated confederation, and Muslims from all over western China who chose it to honor Muhammad.

Another might include all members of a particular surname ( e. g. male-line descendants ).

Mountbatten-Windsor is the personal surname of some of the descendants of Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh under an ambiguously-worded Order in Council issued in 1960, and as such a cadet branch of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg ( known as the House of Glücksburg for short ), which in turn is a branch of the House of Oldenburg.

The adoption of the Mountbatten-Windsor surname does not apply to members of the Royal Family who are not descended from the Queen ( her cousins, for example, and the descendants of Princess Margaret ).

The Order specifically applies the surname to those descendants of the Queen not holding Royal styles and titles, but Mountbatten-Windsor has been applied to or informally used by the descendents of Queen Elizabeth II that hold Royal styles, as shown at the marriages of the Duke of York and the Princess Royal, both having been registered with Mountbatten-Windsor in their entries in the marriage registers.

Still, Elizabeth also decreed that her agnatic descendants who do not have that style and title would bear the surname Mountbatten-Windsor.

Ginjo's own political machine paints Xavier as a traitor, and the surname Harkonnen is abandoned by his immediate descendants.

Afterwards, descendants of Emperor Nimmyō, Emperor Montoku, and Emperor Kōkō were also given the surname.