The syllabary systems of Japanese ( hiragana and katakana ) are examples of almost perfectly shallow orthographies – the kana correspond with almost perfect consistency to the spoken syllables, although with a few exceptions where symbols reflect historical or morphophonemic features: notably the use of ぢ di and づ du ( rather than じ ji and ず zu, their pronunciation in standard Tokyo dialect ) when the character is a voicing of an underlying ち or つ ( see rendaku ), and the use of は, を, and へ to represent the sounds わ, お, and え, as relics of historical kana usage.

The syllabary systems of Japanese ( hiragana and katakana ) are examples of almost perfectly shallow orthography – exceptions include the use ぢ and づ ( discussed above ) and the use of は, を, and へ to represent the sounds わ, お, and え, as relics of historical kana usage.

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