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taxa and list
Datasets are tables consisting of molecular, morphological, ethological and / or other characters and a list of operational taxonomic units ( OTUs ) which may be genes, individuals, populations, species, or larger taxa that are presumed to be monophyletic and that are presumed to form, all together, one large clade ; phylogenetic analysis reconstructs the branching pattern within that clade.
By design, CITES regulates and monitors trade in the manner of a " negative list " such that trade in all species is permitted and unregulated unless the species in question appears on the Appendices or looks very much like one of those taxa.
Because the remit of the Convention covers millions of species of plants and animals, and tens of thousands of these taxa are potentially of economic value, in practice this negative list approach effectively forces CITES signatories to expend limited resources on just a select few, leaving many species to be traded with neither constraint nor review.
The list below includes all of the taxa that have been recognized as species in recent works on Mentha.
* a list of taxa ( for example, species ) to be organized
Of course, species do not just appear out of thin air, so all living Lazarus species ( excluding disappearing and reappearing red list species ) are nonetheless considered living fossils, if it can be shown they are not Elvis taxa.
say that if they were to make a world list, they would include the three taxa as separate species ( p. 75 ), and the AOU's comment includes the note " split almost certainly good ".
In other taxa, there is some evidence of segmentation in some organs, but this segmentation is not pervasive to the full list of organs mentioned above for arthropods and annelids.
This list is by no means the last word on the subject though, and it is very likely that some of the new groups will be revised, expanded or split as more species are studied in the future ; additional laughingthrushes are presently elevated to species status and even hitherto unknown taxa are discovered at a rate of about 1-2 per year.
He was mainly interested in molluscs and other invertebrates, as can be seen in the following list of the taxa he named.
See the article on Fossil birds for a list of early avian taxa.
There is for example no objective basis for excluding the Psychodidae from the list, and some of them ( or midge-like taxa commonly included in the family, such as Phlebotomus ) are blood-sucking pests and disease vectors.
Whereas the endemic species list cited above is based on morphological and ecological characteristics, some recent applications of molecular genetic techniques underline the difference of the fauna from common European taxa, as well as the old age of the lake.
* Albertine Rift Project To access the many excellent pictures Pick a group ( bird, butterfly fish ) in top menu then go to the taxa list.
* Systema Dipterorum Nomenclator Full list of Diptera taxa described by John Curtis
In the list that follows, the taxa shown with the "" prefix are considered to be synononyms for the accepted subfamily name that they follow.
* California Native-with over 4, 000 accessions, including nearly one-half of the state's native vascular plant species and 174 taxa on the California Native Plant Society's list of rare and endangered species, this is one of the most extensive collections in the world.
* Systema Dipterorum Nomenclator Full list of Diptera taxa described by Johann Wilhelm Meigen
The following is a partial list of genera and other taxa which are hosts for the Turnip Moth ; apart from the sheer variety, it is striking that the list includes resinous, aromatic, and toxic species, including members of the conifers, Eucalyptus, and Nicotiana:
* Systema Dipterorum Nomenclator Full list of Diptera taxa described by Alexander Henry Haliday
* Index Animalium Full list of Haliday taxa via search
In their monograph on the Lycaenopsis group of polyommatine genera, Eliot & Kawazoe, 1983, list 14 taxa as valid subspecies names, plus many further synonyms to which they accord lesser status.
* ITIS " Taxon authors " for a list of Wiedemann Diptera taxa.

taxa and became
Approximately 35 % of echinoderm genera became extinct at the K T boundary, although taxa that thrived in low-latitude, shallow-water environments during late Cretaceous had the highest extinction rate.
The evidence of plants is less clear, but new taxa became dominant after the extinction.
" Ascomycetes " was soon used to include lichenized taxa, and became the standard term, at the class level, for all ascus-bearing species, just as the term " Basidiomycetes " became used for their basidium-bearing counterparts.
Nicobariodendron became one of the five taxa placed incertae sedis in the angiosperms.
Despite his independent status, he became a renowned malacologist, publishing 209 articles and establishing 401 mollusc taxa.
It also ignores taxa that became extinct in pre-historic times.
Prehistoric birds are various taxa of birds that became extinct before recorded history, or more precisely, before they could be studied alive by ornithologists.

taxa and extinct
) † indicates extinct taxa.
Because many characters involve embryological, or soft-tissue or molecular characters that ( at best ) hardly ever fossilize, and the interpretation of fossils is more ambiguous than living taxa, extinct taxa almost invariably have higher proportions of missing data than living ones.
Sirenia also includes Steller's sea cow, extinct since the 18th century, and a number of taxa known only from fossils.
In addition, there are 111 described taxa of extinct scorpions.
This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly " re-appears " ( typically in the fossil record ) after a period of apparent absence.
The common name elephant primarily refers to the living taxa, the modern elephants, but may also refer to a variety of extinct species, in this family and others ( see Elephant ( disambiguation )).
However, including the extinct forms listed below, at least the Mediterranean taxa do apparently constitute a superspecies in their own right, and maybe the New Zealand ones also.
It appears to belong to a group of Mediterranean and adjacent Atlantic species which includes the Yelkouan Shearwater ( Austin 1996 ) and one to three prehistorically extinct taxa, Hole's and possibly also Olson's Shearwater and an undescribed form of unclear distinctness from Menorca ( Alcover 2001 ).
The following is a summary of the classification of extant and extinct (†) taxa:
Many other extinct species traditionally placed in the Emydidae are known from the Eocene of North America, Asia and Europe, but the Old World taxa are likely to be more properly Geoemydidae.
Varanidae contains the living genus Varanus and a number of extinct taxa.
One living and two extinct taxa represent a clade endemic to the Mascarenes.
As a phylogenetic relict it is the only known surviving member of its order, first described and originally classified as an octopus in 1903 by German teuthologist Carl Chun, but later assigned to a new order together with several extinct taxa.
Vampyromorphida is an order of cephalopods comprising one known extant species ( Vampyroteuthis infernalis ) and many extinct taxa.
This fern group has a long fossil history with many extinct taxa ( Psaronius, Asterotheca, Scolecopteris, Eoangiopteris, Qasimia, Marantoidea, Danaeites, Marattiopsis, etc.
In other extinct taxa, a cupule ( a modified leaf or part of a leaf ) surrounds the ovule ( e. g. Caytonia or Glossopteris ).
The cupules of some extinct taxa have been suggested as the origin of the outer integument.
Spirulida is an order of cephalopods comprising one extant species ( Spirula spirula ) and several extinct taxa.
However, in these cases being " extinct " strongly relates to the sampling intensity of the IUCN, and that such a period of apparent extinction is too short for species to be designated as " Lazarus taxa " ( in its paleontological meaning ).
Lazarus taxa that reappear in nature after being known only as old enough fossils can be seen as an informal subcategory of the journalist's " living fossils ", because a taxon cannot become globally extinct and reappear.
If confirmed, this is the first taxon of hornbill to go extinct in recorded history ; many other taxa in the family are now at risk.
This category contains articles about all taxa below the subclass / order Monotremata-the platypus, the echidnas, and extinct species which are only known via fossil evidence.
The Yelkouan Shearwater appears to belong to a group of Mediterranean and adjacent Atlantic shearwaters which includes the Balearic Shearwater and one to three prehistorically extinct taxa, Hole's and possibly also Olson's Shearwater as well as an undescribed population of uncertain distinctness from Menorca.

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