* the use of " lawfare ", a term that refers to attempts to discredit the adversary by making its forces appear to be in violation of the laws of war, for example by attacking civilians who had been deliberately used ( unlawfully ) as human shields.

The term refers to various types of shields used by infantry troops from the 13th to 16th centuries.

From the 15th century, the term could also refer to special shields used for jousting.

A related term, pavisade or pavesade, refers to a decorative row of shields or a band of canvas hung around a sailing vessel to prevent an opponent from observing the activities of those on board and to discourage boarding.

Imago clipeata ( Latin: " framed portrait ") is a term in art usually used in reference to the images of heroes on Roman shields.

His political opponent and lifetime friend, Thomas Jefferson, achieved immortality through his authorship of the Declaration of Independence, but equally notable were the legal and constitutional reforms he instituted in his native Virginia, his role as father of our territorial system, and his acquisition of the Louisiana Territory during his first term as President.

`` Disaffiliation '', by the way, is the term used by the critic and poet, Lawrence Lipton, who has written several articles on this subject, the first of which, in The Nation, quoted as Epigraph: `` We disaffiliate.

the first use of the word `` rustler '' was as a synonym for `` hustler '', becomin' an established term for any person who was active, pushin', and bustlin' in any enterprise.

From the outset of his first term, he established himself as one of the guiding spirits of the House of Delegates.

The first use of the term " anthropology " in English to refer to a natural science of humanity was apparently in 1593, the first of the " logies " to be coined.

Kouros ( male youth ) is the modern term given to those representations of standing male youths which first appear in the archaic period in Greece.

The use of the term was first attributed to Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard ( 1813 – 1855 ).

Alpha, both as a symbol and term, is used to refer to or describe a variety of things, including the first or most significant occurrence of something.

The term became popular again in Australia first, when George Giffen, in his memoirs ( With Bat and Ball, 1899 ), used the term as if it were well known.

The first group mainly opposed the Nicene terminology and preferred the term homoiousios ( alike in substance ) to the Nicene homoousios, while they rejected Arius and his teaching and accepted the equality and coeternality of the persons of the Trinity.

The term antimatter was first used by Arthur Schuster in two rather whimsical letters to Nature in 1898, in which he coined the term.

The term Animism appears to have been first developed as animismus by German scientist Georg Ernst Stahl, circa 1720, to refer to the " doctrine that animal life is produced by an immaterial soul.

In his first term in the state house, Johnson did not ally with either the Democrats or the Whigs consistently, though he revered Jackson, the Democratic President.

In his first term in the House, he soon articulated his own brand of Jeffersonian – Jacksonian principles he would steadfastly promote throughout most of his political career ; he advocated for the interests of the poor, while maintaining an anti-abolitionist stance, insisted on limited spending by the government and opposed protective tariffs.

In this term, he introduced for the first time his Homestead Bill, which sought to provide 160 acres for every poor family head " without money and without price "; Johnson did not rest until passage some years later.

Amos is the first prophet to use the term " the Day of the LORD ".

The term antibiotic was first used in 1942 by Selman Waksman and his collaborators in journal articles to describe any substance produced by a microorganism that is antagonistic to the growth of other microorganisms in high dilution.

The term " antibacterial " derives from Greek ἀντί ( anti ), " against " + βακτήριον ( baktērion ), diminutive of βακτηρία ( baktēria ), " staff, cane ", because the first ones to be discovered were rod-shaped, and the term " antibiotic " derives from anti + βιωτικός ( biōtikos ), " fil for life, lively ", which comes from βίωσις ( biōsis ), " way of life ", and that from βίος ( bios ), " life ".

** term " Christian " first used ( 11: 26 )

It is this latter version, which has some syntax differences from the first as well as support for the Apple II high-resolution graphics modes, that most people mean by the term " Applesoft.

The intended meaning was likely the first, which would be translated as Latin causātīvus or effectīvus, but the Latin term was a translation of the second.

The term " android " appears in US patents as early as 1863 in reference to miniature human-like toy automatons.

Ayurveda, Chinese medicine, Homeopathy and Naturopathy are cited as examples The term appears to have entered into usage through the National Institute of Health's National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine ( NCCAM ), which began to employ it as a substitute for alternative medical systems as a way of differentiating widely comprehensive systems of medicine, such as Ayurvedic medicine, from specialized alternative approaches.

Similar viewpoints have been expressed by Stanley Crouch in a New York Daily News piece, Charles Steele, Jr. of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and African-American columnist David Ehrenstein of the LA Times who accused white liberals of flocking to blacks who were " Magic Negros ", a term that refers to a black person with no past who simply appears to assist the mainstream white ( as cultural protagonists / drivers ) agenda.

The Hebrew term Abaddon (, ), an intensive form of the word " destruction ", appears as a place of destruction in the Hebrew Bible.

The term abaddon appears six times in the Masoretic text of the Hebrew Bible ; abaddon means destruction or " place of destruction ", or the realm of the dead, and is associated with Sheol.

The term ahimsa appears in the text Taittiriya Shakha of the Yajurveda ( TS 5. 2. 8. 7 ), where it refers to non-injury to the sacrificer himself.

The term bretwalda also appears in a charter of Æthelstan.

The term or, which gives the ( unnormalised ) relative probability of a state, is called the Boltzmann factor and appears often in the study of physics and chemistry.

It appears that the particular term, with its more definite sense, was coined by Heisenberg in the 1950s, while criticizing alternate " interpretations " ( e. g., David Bohm's ) that had been developed.

The term " West Saxon " appears only in the late seventh century, after the reign of Cædwalla.

The modern sense of the term first appears sometime around the 12th century ; its popularity spread in the medieval period along with the terms isle, ylle, inis, eilean, oileán There is some confusion on what the term crannog originally referred to, the structure atop the island or the island itself The additional meanings of crannog can be variously related as " structure / piece of wood ; wooden pin ; crow's nest ; pulpit ; driver's box on a coach and vessel / box / chest " for crannóg.

Here, again, a new term appears in the record, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for the first time using the word scottas, from which Scots derives, to describe the inhabitants of Constantine's kingdom in its report of these events.

The signal for formation of a regional centromere appears to be " epigenetic "-a widely used term that in this instance most likely refers to a particular set of post-translational modifications of the histone proteins, or different histone variants being present.

in which the term proportional to the square of the rate of rotation appears on the acceleration side as a " centripetal acceleration ", that is, a negative acceleration term in the direction.

This term appears as the second term in the multipole expansion of an arbitrary electrostatic potential Φ ( r ).

The term dagger appears only in the Late Middle Ages, reflecting the fact that while the dagger had been known in antiquity, it had disappeared during the Early Middle Ages, replaced by the hewing knife or seax.

The Old French term dague appears to have referred to these weapons in the 13th century, alongside other terms such as poignal and basilard.

The term English Civil War appears most commonly in the singular form, although historians often divide the conflict into two or three separate wars.

The name, which can also mean " hard cleft " in Irish, appears in the plural, caladbuilc, as a generic term for " great swords " in the 10th century Irish translation of the classical tale The Destruction of Troy, Togail Troi )

Confusion arises from the introduction of the additional term svartálfar " black elves ", which at first appears synonymous to the " dark elves "; Snorri identifies with the dvergar and has them reside in Svartálfaheim.

However, the term " the Unwashed " with the same meaning, appears in The Parisians: " He says that Paris has grown so dirty since the 4 September, that it is only fit for the feet of the Unwashed.