The term Bayesian refers to Thomas Bayes ( 1702 – 1761 ), who proved a special case of what is now called Bayes ' theorem in a paper titled " An Essay towards solving a Problem in the Doctrine of Chances ".

Vranas introduced the term " Standard Bayesian Solution " to avoid confusion.

Stephen Fienberg describes the evolution from " inverse probability " at the time of Bayes and Laplace, a term still used by Harold Jeffreys ( 1939 ), to " Bayesian " in the 1950s.

The term Bayesian refers to Thomas Bayes ( 1702 – 1761 ), who proved a special case of what is now called Bayes ' theorem.

The key data-dependent term Pr ( D | M ) is a likelihood, and represents the probability that some data is produced under the assumption of this model, M ; evaluating it correctly is the key to Bayesian model comparison.

The concept, as well as the term " conjugate prior ", were introduced by Howard Raiffa and Robert Schlaifer in their work on Bayesian decision theory.

The term " Bayesian ", which displaced " inverse probability ", was in fact introduced by R. A. Fisher as a derogatory term.

The term " inverse probability " appears in an 1837 paper of De Morgan, in reference to Laplace's method of probability ( developed in a 1774 paper, which independently discovered and popularized Bayesian methods, and 1812 book ), though the term " inverse probability " does not occur in these.

The term MMSE specifically refers to estimation in a Bayesian setting, since in the alternative frequentist setting there does not exist a single estimator having minimal MSE.

The term idea refers to our more reflective or thoughtful consciousness as opposed to the immediacies of sensuous or emotional experience.

This term refers to the ability of a material to resist bending stress and is determined by measuring the load required to cause failure by bending.

The term Afroasiatic Urheimat ( Urheimat meaning " original homeland " in German ) refers to the ' hypothetical ' place where Proto-Afroasiatic speakers lived in a single linguistic community, or complex of communities, before this original language dispersed geographically and divided into distinct languages.

The term also broadly refers to any enterprise that is potentially fraught with physical, financial or psychological risk, such as a business venture, a love affair, or other major life undertakings.

While not entirely synonymous with Anatolia, the term Asia Minor, derived from the Latin Asia Minores, refers to Asia inside the Roman Empire, versus Asia Magna, all of Asia beyond the borders.

Art is a term that describes a diverse range of human activities and the products of those activities, but here refers to the visual arts, which cover the creation of images or objects in fields including painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, and other visual media.

The term " pure " abjad refers to scripts entirely lacking in vowel indicators.

The term alp, alm, albe or alpe refers to a grazing pastures in the alpine regions below the glaciers, not the peaks.

An alp refers to a high mountain pasture where cows are taken to be grazed during the summer months and where hay barns can be found, and the term " the Alps ", referring to the mountains, is a misnomer.

The term analog signal usually refers to electrical signals ; however, mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, and other systems may also convey analog signals.

Some scholars favor the unhyphenated form antisemitism to avoid possible confusion involving whether the term refers specifically to Jews, or to Semitic-language speakers as a whole.

The term Rococo was derived from the French word " rocaille ", which means pebbles and refers to the stones and shells used to decorate the interiors of caves.

In modern English, " Americans " generally refers to residents of the United States, and among native speakers of English this usage is almost universal, with any other use of the term requiring specification of the subject under discussion.

The term amide refers both to classes of compounds and to the functional group ( R < sub > n </ sub > E ( O )< sub > x </ sub > NR '< sub > 2 </ sub >) within those compounds.

Alternative medicine is frequently grouped with complementary medicine or integrative medicine, which, in general, refers to the same interventions when used in conjunction with mainstream techniques, under the umbrella term complementary and alternative medicine, or CAM.

The term originally came from antibody generator and was a molecule that binds specifically to an antibody, but the term now also refers to any molecule or molecular fragment that can be bound by a major histocompatibility complex ( MHC ) and presented to a T-cell receptor.

The term " Islamic " refers not only to the religion, but to any form of art created in an Islamic culture or in an Islamic context.

Similar viewpoints have been expressed by Stanley Crouch in a New York Daily News piece, Charles Steele, Jr. of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and African-American columnist David Ehrenstein of the LA Times who accused white liberals of flocking to blacks who were " Magic Negros ", a term that refers to a black person with no past who simply appears to assist the mainstream white ( as cultural protagonists / drivers ) agenda.

The term " last rites " refers to administration to a dying person not only of this sacrament but also of Penance and Holy Communion, the last of which, when administered in such circumstances, is known as " Viaticum ", a word whose original meaning in Latin was " provision for the journey ".

: Science of the mind, or cultural or spiritual science ), a term generally used in German to refer to the humanities and social sciences ; in fact, the term " science " is used more broadly in Europe as a general term that refers to any exact knowledge.

The term ahimsa appears in the text Taittiriya Shakha of the Yajurveda ( TS 5. 2. 8. 7 ), where it refers to non-injury to the sacrificer himself.

The term Transonic refers to a range of velocities just below and above the local speed of sound ( generally taken as Mach 0. 8 – 1. 2 ).

The term " building society " first arose in the 18th century in Great Britain from cooperative savings groups.

Cretin became a medical term in the 18th century, from an Alpine French dialect prevalent in a region where persons with such a condition were especially common ( see below ); it saw wide medical use in the 19th and early 20th centuries, and then spread more widely in popular English as a markedly derogatory term for a person who behaves stupidly.

While the first application of the term " clipper " in a nautical sense is by no means certain, it seems to have had an American origin when applied to the Baltimore clippers of the late 18th century.

" The Greek and Latin term referred to any great serpent, not necessarily mythological, and this usage was also current in English up to the 18th century.

The term was originally applied to voluntary armies formed in German lands from the middle of the 18th century onwards.

In the 18th century, the term referred to ships which were usually as long as a ship-of-the-line and were square-rigged on all three masts ( full rigged ), but were faster and with lighter armament, used for patrolling and escort.

Under the rating system of the Royal Navy, by the middle of the 18th century, the term " frigate " was technically restricted to single-decked ships of the fifth rate, though small 28-gun frigates were classed as sixth rate.

The word was not recorded as a musical and dance term until the late 18th century.

Classics of food writing, such as the 18th century French gastronome Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin ’ s Physiologie du goût ( The Physiology of Taste ), predate the term and have helped to shape its meaning.

By the 18th century, the term had gained its now common usage in France, and had begun to be used to refer purely to books of magic, which Owen Davies presumed was because " many of them continued to circulate in Latin manuscripts.

The term means " little war " in Spanish, and the word, guerrilla, has been used to describe the concept since the 18th century, and perhaps earlier.

In the 18th century, well after the term handfasting had passed out of usage, there arose a popular myth that it referred to a sort of " trial marriage.

The term was adopted in the late 18th century by Scottish engineer James Watt to compare the output of steam engines with the power of draft horses.

Although imperialist practices have existed for thousands of years, the term " Age of Imperialism " generally refers to the activities of nations such as the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and the United States in the early 18th through the middle 20th centuries, e. g., the " The Great Game " in Persian lands, the " Scramble for Africa " and the " Open Door Policy " in China.

Although the term has been in use since at least the late 18th century ( used in 1796 in reference to alchemy ,) the concept of pseudoscience as distinct from real or proper science appears to have emerged in the mid-19th century.

Examples of the term can be found as early as the 18th century.

The formalization of this term in the West in the 18th century was of course not new ; philosophical treatises had been written on it in the context of Hinduism for millennia.

The term prime minister in the sense that we know it originated in the 18th century in the United Kingdom.

Romantic music is a term describing a style of Western classical music that began in the late 18th or early 19th century.

With the 18th amendment to the constitution in 2010, the President has no term limit, which previously stood at 2.

The term was adapted from England in about the 18th century.

They opened trading posts and engaged in the " trade :" – a term which, under the Ancien Régime, means any type of trade ( wheat, pepper ivory …), and not necessarily, or only the slave trade, although this " infamous traffic ", as it was called at the end of the 18th century, was indeed at the heart of a new economic order, controlled by powerful companies in privilege.

In the late 18th century, the term " class " began to replace classifications such as estates, rank, and orders as the primary means of organizing society into hierarchical divisions.