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term and Beiyang
It is around this time that the term " Beiyang Army " began to be used to refer to the military forces under his control.
The term " Beiyang ", meaning literally " Northern Ocean ", refers to the customs revenues collected in North China, which were used first to fund the Beiyang Fleet and later the Beiyang Army.

term and (;
Ahimsa (; IAST:, Pāli: ) is a term meaning to do no harm ( literally: the avoidance of violence – himsa ).
A bain-marie (; also known as a water bath in English,,, or ) is a French term for a piece of equipment used in science, industry, and cooking to heat materials gently and gradually to fixed temperatures, or to keep materials warm over a period of time.
Jihad (; ), an Islamic term, is a religious duty of Muslims.
The Hebrew term Midrash (; plural midrashim, " story " from " to investigate " or " study ") also " Interpretation " or " Exposition " is a homiletic method of biblical exegesis.
Nirvāṇa (;, nibbāna ; ) is an ancient Sanskrit term used in Indian religions to describe the profound peace of mind that is acquired with moksha ( liberation ).
Quisling (; ) is a term used in reference to fascist and collaborationist political parties and military and paramilitary forces in occupied Allied countries which collaborated with Axis occupiers in World War II, as well as for their members and other collaborators.
The Firangi (; derived from the Arabic term for a Western European a " Frank ") was a sword type which used blades manufactured in Western Europe and imported by the Portuguese, or made locally in imitation of European blades.
The Israelite people generally used the term “ king ,” because their desire, 1 Samuel recounts, was to be like the other nations (; ).
Later, the term Tiele (; Turkic: Tele ) itself was used.
Bessarabia (;, Bessarabiya ) is a historical term for the geographic region in Eastern Europe bounded by the Dniester River on the east and the Prut River on the west.
(; plural: ) is an Arabic term meaning " deity ".
Taiwanization (; Pe ̍ h-oē-jī: Tâi-oân pún-thó ͘- hòa ūn-tōng ), also known as the Taiwanese localization movement, is a political term used in Taiwan to emphasize the importance of a separate Taiwanese culture rather than to regard Taiwan as solely an appendage of China.
A eunuch (; ) is a man who ( by the common definition of the term eunuch ) may have been castrated, typically early enough in his life for this change to have major hormonal consequences.
The Holy Land (; Eretz HaQodesh ; Arabic: ) is a term which in Judaism refers to the Kingdom of Israel as defined in the Tanakh.
A neologism (; ) is defined as a newly coined term, word, or phrase, that may be in the process of entering common use, but has not yet been accepted into mainstream language.
The Municipal Council (; ; ) is the representative assembly of the municipality and consists of members directly elected for a term of office of six years.
Ma Ying-jeou (; born 13 July 1950 ) is a Chinese politician and the 12th and 13th term President of the Republic of China ( Taiwan ), and the Chairman of the Kuomintang, also known as the Chinese Nationalist Party.
The term " district " is also used to refer to the type of administrative division of the Sakha Republic — ulus (; ).
While the term Peranakan is most commonly used among the ethnic Chinese for those of Chinese descent also known as Straits Chinese (; named after the Straits Settlements ), there are also other, comparatively small Peranakan communities, such as Indian Hindu Peranakans ( Chitty ), Indian Muslim Peranakans ( Jawi Pekan ) ( Jawi being the Javanised Arabic script, Pekan a colloquial contraction of Peranakan ) and Eurasian Peranakans ( Kristang ) ( Kristang = Christians ).
Baal teshuva or ba ' al teshuvah (; for a woman, בעלת תשובה, baalat teshuva ; plural, בעלי תשובה, baalei teshuva ), sometimes abbreviated to BT, is a term that often refers to a Jew who turns to embrace Orthodox Judaism.
Enallage (;, enallagḗ, " interchange ") is a term used to mean the substitution of one grammatical form for another ( possibly incorrect ) one.
The term passacaglia (; ; Italian: passacaglia, passacaglio, passagallo, passacagli, passacaglie ) derives from the Spanish pasar ( to walk ) and calle ( street ).
Messiah (; mashiah, moshiah, mashiach, or moshiach, " anointed ") is a term used in the Hebrew Bible to describe priests and kings, who were traditionally anointed with holy anointing oil as described in Exodus 30: 22-25.
Proponents of the term " East Turkestan " argue that the name Xinjiang (; Postal map spelling: Sinkiang ) is arrogant, because if the individual Chinese characters are to be taken literally and not as a proper name, then Xinjiang means " New Territory ".
In China, the term Western Regions (; Uyghur: Qurighar ) referred to the regions west of the Yumen Pass, and more specifically the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang that had come under the Han Dynasty's control since 60 BC.

term and pinyin
To avoid confusion, academic texts may call the primary branch of Chinese Yue, following the Mandarin pinyin spelling, and either restrict " Cantonese " to its common usage as the dialect of Guangzhou, or avoid the term " Cantonese " altogether and distinguish Yue from Canton or Guangzhou dialect.
Petuntse ( from 白墩子 in pinyin: bai2 dun1 zi0 ), also spelled petunse, is a historic term for a wide range of micaceous or feldspathic rocks.
In Chinese history, Legalism (; pinyin: fă jiā ) was one of the main philosophic currents during the Warring States Period, although the term itself was invented in the Han Dynasty and thus does not refer to an organized ' school ' of thought.
Prior to the 8th century BC, the tea was known collectively under the term " 荼 " ( pinyin:) along with a great number of other bitter plants.
Nianfo ( Chinese: 念佛, pinyin: niànfó ; Japanese: 念仏 nembutsu ; Korean: 염불 yeombul ; Vietnamese: niệm Phật ), is a term commonly seen in the Pure Land school of Mahāyāna Buddhism.
In Japan, the scenery of the Shōnan area was thought to be similar to the scenery around the Xiao and Xiang rivers in Hunan, China ; hence the term " Shōnan " ( Chinese pinyin: " xiāng nán ", another name for the southern Hunan region ) came to be applied to the area around Enoshima in Japan.
Xiaokang ( Chinese: 小康 ; pinyin: xiǎokāng ) is a Confucian term describing a society of modest means, or a society composed of a functional middle-class.
* The term input method generally refers to a particular way to use the keyboard to input a particular language, for example the Cangjie method, the pinyin method, or the use of dead keys.
The term wushu has also become the name for the modern sport of wushu, an exhibition and full-contact sport of bare-handed and weapons forms ( Chinese: 套路, pinyin: tàolù ), adapted and judged to a set of aesthetic criteria for points developed since 1949 in the People's Republic of China.
The term " Fo " or " Fu " may be transliterations to the words 佛 ( pinyin:) or 福 ( pinyin:), which means " buddha " or " prosperity " in Chinese, respectively.
Yaoguai ( 妖怪 pinyin yāoguài ) or yaomo ( 妖魔 yāomó, literally, " demon ") or yaojing ( 妖精 yāojīng, literally, " sprite " or " seductive ") is a Chinese term that generally means " demon ".
Chinese variants will use the term( pinyin: fan ).
Taiwanese mahjong, however, uses the term( pinyin: tái ) along with a linear scoring system.
Chinese folk religion () or Shenism ( pinyin: Shénjiào, 神教 ), which is a term of considerable debate, are labels used to describe the collection of ethnic religious traditions which have been a main belief system in China and among Han Chinese ethnic groups for most of the civilization's history until today.
The oldest records of the term Westerners translate as " God ", " Most High God ", " Greatest Lord " appear to exist in the earliest documents of Chinese literature as Shangdi ( 上帝, pinyin: Shàngdì, literally " Above Emperor ").
In Mandarin, the term kuaxing ( 跨性, pinyin kùaxìng ), literally " to go beyond sex ", has recently come into use as a literal translation of the English term " transgender ", but kuaxing is not in popular use outside of academia.
Cantonese variants will use the term( pinyin: fān / jyutping: faan < sup > 1 </ sup >).

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