It has been blamed for the level of destruction involved in the First and Second World Wars, but it seems rather that Clausewitz ( who did not actually use the term " total war ") had merely foreseen the inevitable development that started with the huge, patriotically motivated armies of the Napoleonic wars.

Residual military conflict resulting from the Napoleonic Wars in Europe had been steadily worsening throughout James Madison's first term, with the British and the French both ignoring the neutrality rights of the United States at sea and seizing American ships.

Beyond minor naval actions against British imperial interests, the Napoleonic Wars were much less global in scope than preceding conflicts such as Seven Years ' War which historians would term a " world war ".

A popular term in the 16th and 17th centuries, but with various meanings depending on the country, it became less and less used in the 18th century, usually substituted by full generals or field marshals ; and after the end of the Napoleonic Wars it had but disappeared in most European countries, except Spain and former colonies.

The völkisch movement had its origins in Romantic nationalism, as it was expressed by early Romantics such as Johann Gottlieb Fichte in his Addresses to the German Nation published during the Napoleonic Wars, from 1808 onwards, especially the eighth address, “ What is a Volk, in the higher sense of the term, and what is love of the fatherland ?," where he answered his question of what could warrant the noble individual's striving " and his belief in the eternity and the immortality of his work ," by replying that it could only be that " particular spiritual nature of the human environment out of which he himself, with all of his thought and action ... has arisen, namely the people from which he is descended and among which he has been formed and grown into that which he is ".

Sweden – Finland is a debated Finnish historiographical term referring to the Swedish Kingdom from the Kalmar Union to the Napoleonic wars, or the period from the 14th to the 18th century.

and throughout the 18th century the " Second Hundred Years ' War ", an umbrella term which includes the Nine Years ' War, Seven Years ' War, War of the Spanish Succession, War of the Austrian Succession, and finally the American War of Independence, French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars of the late 18th to early 19th centuries which mark the end of this era.

However, especially in American history, the term " Orders in Council " is also used collectively to refer to the group of such decrees in the late-18th and early-19th centuries which restricted neutral trade and enforced a naval blockade of Napoleonic France and its allies.

In 1804, after the outbreak of the Napoleonic Wars, and during Colonel R. T. Farquhar ’ s term as Governor of Penang, Indian convict labourers rebuilt the fort using brick and stone.

The greatest exception is seen in the battles of Napoleon Bonaparte, and it is with Napoleon that the battle of annihilation in the modern sense is most closely associated, so that term " Napoleonic battle of annihilation " is sometimes used, and the Battle of Austerlitz is often cited as the apotheosis of the modern battle of annihilation.

In the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars it was technically illegal in France to openly advocate republicanism until 1848, so republicans usually called themselves " radicals " and the term radical came to mean a republican ( who, by definition, supported universal manhood suffrage ).

It was set up in the mansion's water tower and given the code name " Station X ", a term now sometimes applied to the codebreaking efforts at Bletchley as a whole.

British English ( or BrEn, BrE, BE, en-UK or en-GB )< ref > is the language code for British English, as defined by ISO standards ( see ISO 639-1 and ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 ) and Internet standards ( see IETF language tag ).</ ref > is the broad term used to distinguish the forms of the English language used in the United Kingdom from forms used elsewhere.

The term computer programmer can refer to a specialist in one area of computer programming or to a generalist who writes code for many kinds of software.

The term has also been used to describe the analysis of the genetic code information encoded in DNA-see the Human Genome Project article for more on this.

At that time, according to Newsham, the code name ECHELON was NSA's term for the computer network itself.

This code defines a new word ( again, word is the term used for a subroutine ) called using the following commands: duplicates the number on the stack ; places a 6 on top of the stack ; compares the top two numbers on the stack ( 6 and the ed input ), and replaces them with a true-or-false value ; takes a true-or-false value and chooses to execute commands immediately after it or to skip to the ; discards the value on the stack ; and ends the conditional.

The term freeware was used often in the 1980s for programs released only as executables, with source code not available.

Within the computer programmer subculture of hackers, the term hacker is also used for a programmer who reaches a goal by employing a series of modifications to extend existing code or resources.

In some cases, the third letter is the initial for " new " in that country's language, to distinguish it from an older currency that was revalued ; the code sometimes outlasts the usage of the term " new " itself ( for example, the code for the Mexican peso is MXN ).

The term " legacy " may have little to do with the size or age of the system — mainframes run 64-bit Linux and Java alongside 1960s vintage code.

Some hardware vendors, especially IBM, use the term as a synonym for firmware, so that all code in a device, whether microcode or machine code, is termed microcode ( such as in a hard drive for instance, which typically contains both ).

The term derives from " macro instruction ", and such expansions were originally used in generating assembly language code.

More operating system code was moved out of the kernel and into user space, resulting in a much smaller kernel and the rise of the term microkernel.

The term computer programmer can refer to a specialist in one area of computer programming or to a generalist who writes code for many kinds of software.

For the Nazis, the term was often a code word for " the Jews ".

This term is applied both generically to all such machines ( such as the Java Virtual Machine and MATLAB precompiled code ), and to specific implementations, the most famous being the p-Machine of the Pascal-P system, particularly the UCSD Pascal implementation.

Although the concept was first implemented circa 1966 ( as O-code for BCPL and P-a code for the Euler Language, Wirth & Weber, CACM Vol9 No2, 1966 ), the term p-code first appeared in the early 1970s.

The term QRP derives from the standard Q code used in radio communications, where " QRP " and " QRP?

While the term refactoring originally referred exclusively to refactoring of software code, in recent years code written in hardware description languages ( HDLs ) has also been refactored.

The term hardware refactoring is used as a shorthand term for refactoring of code in hardware description languages.

The significance of the R-in the series title refers to the production code as well as the term of endearment for the player fighter craft, the " Round Canopy ".

It became the sole `` subject '' of `` international law '' ( a term which, it is pertinent to remember, was coined by Bentham ), a body of legal principle which by and large was made up of what Western nations could do in the world arena.

So in these pages the term `` technology '' is used to include any and all means which could amplify, project, or augment man's control over himself and over other men.

It is of the utmost importance to the people of America and of the world how their governing President `` ends up '' during the four years of his term.

Only when that term is ended and he is a private citizen again can he be permitted the freedom and the courage to discount the dangers of his death.

`` I may possibly be a greater risk than is the normal person of my age '', the President had said on February 29th of the election year, ignoring the fact that no one of his age had ever lived out another term.

Let us not confuse the issue by labeling the objective or the method `` psychoanalytic '', for this is a well established term of art for the specific ideas and procedures initiated by Sigmund Freud and his followers for the study and treatment of disordered personalities.

Mr. Wagner might or might not be a `` new '' Mayor in this third term, now that he is free of the pressure of those party leaders whom he calls `` bosses ''.

This is done at varying speeds, ranging from the slow and fast Shifte Telli ( a musical term meaning double strings ) to the fastest, ecstatic Karshilama ( meaning greetings or welcome ).

the term of loans for working capital is 6 years.

Interim financing of construction costs is provided by a short term loan from The Chase Manhattan Bank.

For the near term, however, it must be realized that the industrial and commercial market is somewhat more sensitive to general business conditions than is the military market, and for this reason I would expect that any gain in 1961 may be somewhat smaller than those of recent years ; ;

If you would feel happier with full collision insurance, there is a small additional charge, again varying from country to country and depending on the term of such insurance.

The collective by which I address you in the title above is neither patronizing nor jocose but an exact industrial term in use among professional thieves.

for, using the fact that N and N' commute Af and so when R is sufficiently large every term in this expression for Af will be 0.

The only other one I shall mention here is his use of the term capitalism.

This is not, however, the case, and development is a term which we can apply to Hardy only in a very limited sense.

`` Disaffiliation '', by the way, is the term used by the critic and poet, Lawrence Lipton, who has written several articles on this subject, the first of which, in The Nation, quoted as Epigraph: `` We disaffiliate.

This term refers to the ability of a material to resist bending stress and is determined by measuring the load required to cause failure by bending.

Incumbent Richard Salter seeks re-election and is opposed by Donald Huffman for the five-year term.

The term " anthropology " is from the Greek anthrōpos (), " man ", understood to mean humankind or humanity, and-logia (- λογία ), " discourse " or " study.

In some European countries, all cultural anthropology is known as ethnology ( a term coined and defined by Adam F. Kollár in 1783 ).

As amoebas themselves are polyphyletic and subject to some imprecision in definition, the term " amoeboid " does not provide identification of an organism, and is better understood as description of locomotion.