The term is not usually used for black residents of other countries in the Americas.

author Debra Dickerson has argued that the term " black " should refer strictly to the descendents of Africans brought to America as slaves, and not the sons and daughters of black immigrants who lack that ancestry.

Similar viewpoints have been expressed by Stanley Crouch in a New York Daily News piece, Charles Steele, Jr. of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and African-American columnist David Ehrenstein of the LA Times who accused white liberals of flocking to blacks who were " Magic Negros ", a term that refers to a black person with no past who simply appears to assist the mainstream white ( as cultural protagonists / drivers ) agenda.

" She has also rejected an immigrant designation for African-Americans and instead prefers the term " black " or " white " to denote the African and European U. S. founding populations.

The term is rarely used by younger black people, but remained in use by many older black Americans who had grown up with the term, particularly in the southern U. S.

In English law, black letter law is a term used to describe those areas of law characterized by technical rules, rather than those areas of law characterized by having a more conceptual basis.

In common law, black letter legal doctrine is an informal term indicating the basic principles of law generally accepted by the courts and / or embodied in the statutes of a particular jurisdiction.

Being a monarchical state, with its roots invested in Colonial England, black letter law is that which is a term used to describe basic principles of law that are accepted by the majority of judges in most provinces and territories.

According to United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization the term bean should include only species of Phaseolus ; however, a strict consensus definition has proven difficult because in the past, several species such as Vigna ( angularis ( azuki bean ), mungo ( black gram ), radiata ( mung bean ), aconitifolia ( moth bean )) were classified as Phaseolus and later reclassified.

The term " black hole " was first publicly used by John Wheeler during a lecture in 1967.

The term black people is used in some socially-based systems of racial classification for humans of a dark-skinned phenotype, relative to other racial groups represented in a particular social context.

As a result, in North America, the term " black people " is not an indicator of skin color but of socially based racial classification related to being African American, with a history related to institutionalized slavery.

By that time, the majority of black people were U. S .- born, so use of the term " African " became problematic.

The term black was used throughout but not frequently as it carried a certain stigma.

Others have argued that " black " is a better term because " African " suggests foreignness, despite the long presence of black people in the US.

Still others believe the term black is inaccurate because African Americans have a variety of skin tones.

Since the late nineteenth century, the South used a colloquial term, the one-drop rule, to classify as black a person of any known African ancestry.

Coal ( from the Old English term col, which has meant " mineral of fossilized carbon " since the 13th century ) is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds By comparison in 2007, natural gas provided of oil equivalent per day, while oil provided per day.

" However, the meaning of this term is not certain as, in late seventeenth-century usage, the term negro would have been normally used, and the phrase " black Man " could mean either dark-skinned or black-haired.

The term alloy is used to describe a mixture of atoms in which the primary constituent is a metal.

Abated, an ancient technical term applied in masonry and metal work to those portions which are sunk beneath the surface, as in inscriptions where the ground is sunk round the letters so as to leave the letters or ornament in relief.

Black metal was originally used as a term for extreme metal bands with Satanic and anti-Christian lyrics ; today, the most common lyrical theme is opposition to Christianity and other organized religions.

Metal carbonates generally decompose on heating, liberating carbon dioxide from the long term carbon cycle to the short term carbon cycle and leaving behind an oxide of the metal.

Gothic fashion is often confused with Heavy Metal fashion and Emo fashion: outsiders often mistake fans of heavy metal for goth, particularly those who wear black trench coats or wear " corpse paint " ( a term associated with the black metal music scene ).

In 1842 the Swedish chemist Baron Jöns Jakob Berzelius proposed the term " halogen " – ἅλς ( háls ), " salt " or " sea ", and γεν-( gen -), from γίγνομαι ( gígnomai ), " come to be " – for the four elements ( fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine ) that produce a sea-salt-like substance when they form a compound with a metal.

The meaning of the term " metal " differs for various communities.

In chemistry, the term base metal is used informally to refer to a metal that oxidizes or corrodes relatively easily, and reacts variably with dilute hydrochloric acid ( HCl ) to form hydrogen.

The image on the front of the British jar shows a " marmite " (), a French term for a large, covered earthenware or metal cooking pot.

The product took its name from the " marmite " (), a French term for a large, covered earthenware or metal cooking pot.

In contrast to the more strict definition proposed by IUPAC, which requires a d-block metal and a sandwich structure, the term metallocene and thus the denotation-ocene, is applied in the chemical literature also to non-transition metal compounds, such as Cp < sub > 2 </ sub > Ba, or structures where the aromatic rings are not co-planar, such as found in manganocene or titanocene dichloride ( Cp < sub > 2 </ sub > TiCl < sub > 2 </ sub >).

The term ' is the work function ( sometimes denoted, or ), which gives the minimum energy required to remove a delocalised electron from the surface of the metal.

Silver has long been valued as a precious metal, and it is used as an investment, to make ornaments, jewelry, high-value tableware, utensils ( hence the term silverware ), and currency coins.

The term steel guitar is often mistakenly used to describe any metal body resophonic guitar.

In chemistry, the term transition metal ( sometimes also called a transition element ) has two possible meanings:

The term wireframe comes from designers using metal wire to represent the 3 dimensional shape of solid objects. 3D wireframe allows to construct and manipulate solids and solid surfaces. 3D solid modeling technique efficiently draws high quality representation of solids than the conventional line drawing.

Clay is a general term including many combinations of one or more clay minerals with traces of metal oxides and organic matter.

A Tantalus, by an obvious analogy, is also the term for a type of drinks decanter stand in which the bottle stoppers are firmly clamped down by a locked metal bar, as a means of preventing servants from stealing the master's liquor.

The term may be more inclusive, since many " MOSFETs " use a gate that is not metal, and a gate insulator that is not oxide.

It became the sole `` subject '' of `` international law '' ( a term which, it is pertinent to remember, was coined by Bentham ), a body of legal principle which by and large was made up of what Western nations could do in the world arena.

'' The other important difference between the two Constitutions was that the President of the Confederacy held office for six ( instead of four ) years, and was limited to one term.

Bang-Jensen said you told correspondents that you had checked in advance to make sure the term ' aberrant conduct ' was not libelous.

His parents talked seriously and lengthily to their own doctor and to a specialist at the University Hospital -- Mr. McKinley was entitled to a discount for members of his family -- and it was decided it would be best for him to take the remainder of the term off, spend a lot of time in bed and, for the rest, do pretty much as he chose -- provided, of course, he chose to do nothing too exciting or too debilitating.

His teacher and his school principal were conferred with and everyone agreed that, if he kept up with a certain amount of work at home, there was little danger of his losing a term.

The term enquetes demographiques, previously used for the supplementary investigations carried out in connection with the administrative censuses, was used for the new investigations.

This term was also used by the cowboy in the sense of a human showin' fight, as one cowhand was heard to say, `` He arches his back like a mule in a hailstorm ''.

the first use of the word `` rustler '' was as a synonym for `` hustler '', becomin' an established term for any person who was active, pushin', and bustlin' in any enterprise.

Engages must be loyal to the concessionaires, and must serve until the term provided in the engagement was ended.

The September-October term jury had been charged by Fulton Superior Court Judge Durwood Pye to investigate reports of possible `` irregularities '' in the hard-fought primary which was won by Mayor-nominate Ivan Allen Jr..

When the crowd was asked whether it wanted to wait one more term to make the race, it voted no -- and there were no dissents.

Petitions asking for a jail term for Norristown attorney Julian W. Barnard will be presented to the Montgomery County Court Friday, it was disclosed Tuesday by Horace A. Davenport, counsel for the widow of the man killed last Nov. 1 by Barnard's hit-run car.

Friday afternoon the Rev. T. F. Zimmerman was reelected for his second consecutive two-year term as general superintendent of Assemblies of God.

Commenting on the earlier stage, the Notre Dame Chapter of the American Association of University Professors ( in a recent report on the question of faculty participation in administrative decision-making ) noted that the term `` teacher-employee '' ( as opposed to, e.g., `` maintenance employee '' ) was a not inapt description.

The Unitarian clergy were an exclusive club of cultivated gentlemen -- as the term was then understood in the Back Bay -- and Parker was definitely not a gentleman, either in theology or in manners.

or `` Carmine Theater, 1912 '', the only canvas with an ash can ( and foraging dog ), although Sloan was a member of the famous `` Eight '', and of the so-called `` Ash-Can School '', a term he resented.

The term was introduced into optics by Johann Heinrich Lambert in his 1760 work Photometria.

In 1846, Lincoln was elected to the U. S. House of Representatives, where he served one two-year term.

Realizing Clay was unlikely to win the presidency, Lincoln, who had pledged in 1846 to serve only one term in the House, supported General Zachary Taylor for the Whig nomination in the 1848 presidential election.