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term and manic-depressive
A cognitive shift ( not to be confused with cognitive-shifting, a general therapy / meditation term ) is a psychological phenomenon most often experienced by individuals using psychedelic drugs, or suffering from mental disorders such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder ( also known as manic-depressive syndrome ).

term and illness
Therefore we always called it an illness, or a malady — a far safer term for us to use.
The term disorder is often considered more value-neutral and less stigmatizing than the terms disease or illness, and therefore is preferred terminology in some circumstances.
While the term medical condition generally includes mental illnesses, in some contexts the term is used specifically to denote any illness, injury, or disease except for mental illnesses.
In England and Wales the Lunacy Acts 1890-1922 referred to lunatics, but the Mental Treatment Act 1930 changed the legal term to " Person of Unsound Mind ", an expression which was replaced under the Mental Health Act 1959 by mental illness.
Most international clinical documents use the term mental " disorder ", while " illness " is also common.
For example, although the term hydrophobia means a fear of water, it may also mean inability to drink water due to an illness, or may be used to describe a chemical compound which repels water.
This approach advocates the use of an intensive multi-disciplinary approach during what is known as the critical period, where intervention is the most effective, and prevents the long term morbidity associated with chronic psychotic illness.
The name is based on the term " rheumatic fever ", an illness which includes joint pain and is derived from the Greek word ῥεύμα-rheuma ( nom.
In the United States the term " assisted outpatient treatment " or " AOT " is often used and refers to a process whereby a judge orders a qualifying person with symptoms of severe untreated mental illness to adhere to a mental health treatment plan while living in the community.
The field of psychosomatic medicine fell into disrepute clinically due to this incorrect use of this term, which was largely due to the influence of psychoanalytic theory on psychiatric physicians and the inaccurate application by non-specialists in the first part of the 20th century who considered this form of illness to be akin to malingering, thereby further harming the sufferer.
Szasz first presented his attack on " mental illness " as a legal term in 1958 in the Columbia Law Review.
" Diagnoses of " mental illness " or " mental disorder " ( the latter expression called by Szasz a " weasel term " for mental illness ) are passed off as " scientific categories " but they remain merely judgments ( judgments of disdain ) to support certain uses of power by psychiatric authorities.
The term dysbarism encompasses decompression sickness, arterial gas embolism, and barotrauma, whereas decompression sickness and arterial gas embolism are commonly classified together as decompression illness when a precise diagnosis cannot be made.
Mulroney neglected his studies, then fell seriously ill during the winter term, was hospitalized, and, despite getting extensions for several courses because of his illness, flunked out of Dalhousie his first year.
During his first term as Premier, Lang carried out many social programmes, including state pensions for widowed mothers with dependent children under fourteen, a universal and mandatory system of workers ' compensation for death, illness and injury incurred on the job, funded by premiums levied on employers, the abolition of student fees in state-run high schools and improvements to various welfare schemes such as child endowment ( which Lang's government had introduced ).
In the 1920s and 1930s, the term was occasionally being used in biological and psychological circles to refer to a mental strain, unwelcome happening, or, more medically, a harmful environmental agent that could cause illness.
Over the long term, distress can lead to diminished health and / or increased propensity to illness ; to avoid this, stress must be managed.
A medical emergency is an injury or illness that is acute and poses an immediate risk to a person's life or long term health.
Robin Richardson, an original member of the Commission on British Muslims and Islamophobia, at a 2009 symposium on " Islamophobia and Religious Discrimination ", said that " the disadvantages of the term Islamophobia are significant " on seven different grounds, including that it implies it is merely a " severe mental illness " affecting " only a tiny minority of people "; that use of the term makes those to whom it is applied " defensive and defiant " and absolves the user of " the responsibility of trying to understand them " or trying to change their views ; that it implies that hostility to Muslims is divorced from factors such as skin color, immigrant status, fear of fundamentalism, or political or economic conflicts ; that it conflates prejudice against Muslims in one's own country with dislike of Muslims in countries with which the West is in conflict ; that it fails to distinguish between people who are against all religion from people who dislike Islam specifically ; and that the actual issue being described is hostility to Muslims, " an ethno-religious identity within European countries ", rather than hostility to Islam.
John Keble died in Bournemouth at the Hermitage Hotel, after visiting the area to try and recover from a long term illness as he believed the sea air had therapeutic qualities.
While serving his first term as Prime Minister, Bondevik attracted international attention in August 1998 when he admitted that he was suffering from depressive episode, becoming the highest ranking world leader to admit to suffering from a mental illness while in office.

term and psychosis
Evidence from comparison studies indicates that at least some individuals with schizophrenia recover from psychosis without taking antipsychotics, and may do better in the long term than those that do take antipsychotics.
However, the term lucid was used by van Eeden in its sense of " having insight ", as in the phrase a lucid interval applied to someone in temporary remission from a psychosis, rather than as a reference to the perceptual quality of the experience, which may or may not be clear and vivid.
The term psychosis is very broad and can mean anything from relatively normal aberrant experiences through to the complex and catatonic expressions of schizophrenia and bipolar type 1 disorder.
This led many professional to say that psychosis is not specific enough as a diagnostic term.
Early intervention in psychosis is a relatively new concept based on the observation that identifying and treating someone in the early stages of a psychosis can significantly improve their longer term outcome.
The term stems from the Greek ψύχωσις ( psychosis ), " a giving soul or life to, animating, quickening " and that from ψυχή ( psyche ), " soul " and the suffix-ωσις (- osis ), in this case " abnormal condition ".
Arthur J. Deikman suggested use of the term " mystical psychosis " to characterize first-person accounts of psychotic experiences that are similar to reports of mystical experiences.
Brief reactive psychosis, referred to in the DSM IV-TR as " brief psychotic disorder with marked stressor ( s )", is the psychiatric term for psychosis which can be triggered by an extremely stressful event in the life of an individual.
Adolf Stern wrote the first significant psychoanalytic work to use the term " borderline " in 1938, referring to a group of patients with what was thought to be a mild form of schizophrenia, on the borderline between neurosis and psychosis.
In the medical profession the term is now avoided in favor of diagnoses of specific mental disorders ; the presence of delusions or hallucinations is broadly referred to as psychosis.
Thus, without careful assessment and history, delirium can easily be confused with a number of psychiatric disorders or long term organic brain syndromes, because many of the signs and symptoms of delirium are conditions also present in dementia, depression, and psychosis.
The highest prevalence of delirium ( often 50 % to 75 % of patients ) is generally seen in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit or ICU ( which used to be referred to by the misnomers " ICU psychosis " or " ICU syndrome ", terms largely abandoned for the more widely accepted and scientifically supported term ICU Delirium ).
The term schizoaffective psychosis was introduced by the American psychiatrist Jacob Kasanin in 1933 to describe an episodic psychotic illness with predominant affective symptoms, that was thought at the time to be a good-prognosis schizophrenia.
The term " Wendigo psychosis " ( also spelled many other ways, including " Windigo psychosis " and " Witiko psychosis ") refers to a condition in which sufferers developed an insatiable desire to eat human flesh even when other food sources were readily available, often as a result of prior famine cannibalism.
Although largely used to describe unawareness of impairment after brain injury or stroke, the term ' anosognosia ' is occasionally used to describe the lack of insight shown by some people who suffer from a mental illness such as bipolar disorder or psychosis.
Homosexual panic is a term, first coined by psychiatrist Edward J. Kempf in 1920, describing an acute, brief reactive psychosis suffered by the target of unwanted homosexual advances.
However it has been suggested that about 5 – 15 % of users fail to make a complete recovery from the psychosis in the long term.
The quasi-dimensional model may be traced back to Bleuler ( the inventor of the term ‘ schizophrenia ’), who commented on two types of continuity between normality and psychosis: that between the schizophrenic and his or her relatives, and that between the patient ’ s premorbid and post-morbid personalities ( i. e. their personality before and after the onset of overt psychosis ).
Thalamocortical dysrhythmia is a term associated with spontaneously reoccurring low frequency spike-and-wave activity in the thalamus, which causes symptoms normally associated with impulse control disorders such as obsessive compulsive disorder, Parkinson ’ s disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and other forms of chronic psychosis

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