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The term natural selection has slightly different definitions in different contexts.
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term and natural
The first use of the term " anthropology " in English to refer to a natural science of humanity was apparently in 1593, the first of the " logies " to be coined.
The term allegiance was traditionally often used by English legal commentators in a larger sense, divided by them into natural and local, the latter applying to the deference which even a foreigner must pay to the institutions of the country in which he happens to live.
Because these two definitions can be transformed simply by into the other, some formulae have this alternatingly (- 1 )< sup > n </ sup >- term and others not depending on the context, but it is not possible to decide in favor of one of these definitions to be the correct or appropriate or natural one ( for the abstract Bernoulli numbers ).
Since society considers so many rights as natural ( hence the term " right ") rather than man-made, what constitutes a crime also counts as natural, in contrast to laws ( seen as man-made ).
Coal ( from the Old English term col, which has meant " mineral of fossilized carbon " since the 13th century ) is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds By comparison in 2007, natural gas provided of oil equivalent per day, while oil provided per day.
In the broadest sense, the term impact crater can be applied to any depression, natural or manmade, resulting from the high velocity impact of a projectile with a larger body.
The term affinity has been used figuratively since c. 1600 in discussions of structural relationships in chemistry, philology, etc., and reference to " natural attraction " is from 1616.
It is reported that although Puységur used the term ' clairvoyance ', he did not think of these phenomena as " paranormal ", since he accepted mesmerism as one of the natural sciences.
In the United States, the term " Darwinism " is often used by creationists as a pejorative term in reference to beliefs such as atheistic naturalism, but in the United Kingdom the term has no negative connotations, being freely used as a short hand for the body of theory dealing with evolution, and in particular, evolution by natural selection.
However, unlike Johnson, Hodge confined the term to exclude those like Asa Gray who combined Christian faith with support for Darwin's natural selection theory, before answering the question posed in the book's title by concluding: " It is Atheism.
In the United Kingdom the term often retains its positive sense as a reference to natural selection, and for example Richard Dawkins wrote in his collection of essays A Devil's Chaplain, published in 2003, that as a scientist he is a Darwinist.
This view naturally led to what was then usually called necessitarianism ( the modern term is determinism ): the view that everything in the universe – including human behavior – is completely causally determined by antecedent circumstances and natural law.
The term " niche construction " is more often used in reference to the under-appreciated feedback mechanism of natural selection imparting forces on the abiotic niche.
The term free-running sleep has occasionally been used by non-scientists to indicate intentional facilitation of the natural sleep / wake cycle.
In computing as well as typography, the term " character " refers to a grapheme or grapheme-like unit of text, as found in natural language writing systems ( scripts ).
Physics ( from Greek: φύσις physis " nature ") is a branch of science that developed out of philosophy, and was thus referred to as natural philosophy until the late 19th century-a term describing a field of study concerned with " the workings of nature ".
The term is formed by analogy to the popular distinction between the " hard " ( natural ) and " soft " ( social ) sciences.
The term is generally used to refer to artificial human cloning ; human clones in the form of identical twins are commonplace, with their cloning occurring during the natural process of reproduction.
The term has also been applied to the attitudes of some corporations and governments toward the natural environment that lead them to ignore the dangers of global warming, oil spills, etc.
Coauthor Wilson later acknowledged the term meme as the best label for the fundamental unit of cultural inheritance in his 1998 book Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge, which elaborates upon the fundamental role of memes in unifying the natural and social sciences.
The term was introduced by Darwin in his groundbreaking 1859 book On the Origin of Species, in which natural selection was described by analogy to artificial selection, a process by which animals and plants with traits considered desirable by human breeders are systematically favored for reproduction.
The disruption of the river's natural flow, run-off from agriculture, and the introduction of pest species like the European Carp has led to serious environmental damage along the river's length and to concerns that the river will be unusably salty in the medium to long term — a serious problem given that the Murray supplies 40 % of Adelaide's domestic water.
term and selection
The term " conspiracy theory " is used to indicate a narrative genre that includes a broad selection of ( not necessarily related ) arguments for the existence of grand conspiracies.
The term chemotactic selection is also used to designate a technique which separates eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells according to their chemotactic responsiveness to selector ligands.
" According to Steven Pinker, EP is " not a single theory but a large set of hypotheses " and a term which " has also come to refer to a particular way of applying evolutionary theory to the mind, with an emphasis on adaptation, gene-level selection, and modularity.
During the United States v. Sun Myung Moon in 1982, federal prosecutors argued that the word " Moonie " be banned during the jury selection process because they said it was considered " a negative term ," and prejudicial in nature.
The term " natural selection " was popularized by Charles Darwin who intended it to be compared with artificial selection, what we now call selective breeding.
The term was introduced by Darwin in his influential 1859 book On the Origin of Species, in which natural selection was described as analogous to artificial selection, a process by which animals and plants with traits considered desirable by human breeders are systematically favored for reproduction.
Following Darwin's primary usage the term is often used to refer to both the evolutionary consequence of blind selection and to its mechanisms.
However, as with natural selection above, the precise meaning of the term is much more subtle.
The term " classical education " has been used in English for several centuries, with each era modifying the definition and adding its own selection of topics.
Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti was the first to formally use the term " Reptilia " for an expanded selection of reptiles and amphibians basically similar to that of Linnaeus.
However, in a presidential system, the executive's term may or may not coincide with the legislature's, as their selection is technically independent of the legislature.
I have called this principle, by which each slight variation, if useful, is preserved, by the term of Natural Selection, in order to mark its relation to man's power of selection.
In 2006, she was mentioned by many sources as a potential candidate for the United Nations Secretary-General selection, but later she stated that she wanted to finish her term as president before thinking about other career options.
Many of those whom subsequent centuries term evolutionary biologists read him, notably Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, for each of whom Malthusianism became an intellectual stepping-stone to the idea of natural selection.
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`` Disaffiliation '', by the way, is the term used by the critic and poet, Lawrence Lipton, who has written several articles on this subject, the first of which, in The Nation, quoted as Epigraph: `` We disaffiliate.
It holds an equally valuable lesson for a society where the word `` intellectual '' has become a term of opprobrium to millions of well-meaning people who somehow imagine that it must be destructive of the simpler human virtues.
As he died because of a small wound on his heel, the term Achilles ' heel has come to mean one's point of weakness.
The term " the United States " has historically been used, sometimes in the plural (" these United States "), and other times in the singular, without any particular grammatical consistency.
The term was originally coined in the 19th century by the founding sociologist and philosopher of science, Auguste Comte, and has become a major topic for psychologists ( especially evolutionary psychology researchers ), evolutionary biologists, and ethologists.
In more modern English usage, the term " adobe " has come to include a style of architecture popular in the desert climates of North America, especially in New Mexico.
The term " droid ", coined by George Lucas for the original Star Wars film and now used widely within science fiction, originated as an abridgment of " android ", but has been used by Lucas and others to mean any robot, including distinctly non-human form machines like R2-D2.
Thus the term asteroid has come increasingly to refer specifically to the small bodies of the inner Solar System out to the orbit of Jupiter, which are usually rocky or metallic.
The precise reference of this term has varied over time, perhaps originally referring only to the Ionian colonies along the coast.
The precise reference of this term has varied over time, perhaps originally referring to the Ionian colonies on the Asia Minor coast.
Other terms that have been used include neosyllabary ( Février 1959 ), pseudo-alphabet ( Householder 1959 ), semisyllabary ( Diringer 1968 ; a word which has other uses ) and syllabic alphabet ( Coulmas 1996 ; this term is also a synonym for syllabary ).
The term " absolute value " has been used in this sense since at least 1806 in French and 1857 in English.
* The modern term " style " has a bearing on how material items such as pottery or architecture can be interpreted.
The term anti-Semitic has been used on occasion to include bigotry against other Semitic-language peoples such as Arabs, but such usage is not widely accepted.
The House of Representatives has 18 members, elected for a two year term, 17 in single-seat constituencies and one by a public meeting on Swain Island.
The Senate also has 18 members, elected for a four year term by and from the chiefs of the islands.
However, this ambiguity has been the source of controversy, particularly among Latin Americans, who feel that using the term solely for the United States misappropriates it.
The term can also refer to an establishment which has long ceased to function as an abbey, in some cases for centuries ( for example, see Westminster Abbey below ).
But no attempt to identify the figures on existing gems with the personages of Gnostic mythology has had any success, and Abrasax is the only Gnostic term found in the accompanying legends which is not known to belong to other religions or mythologies.
This etymology has remained the standard derivation of the term.
The term Suebi has a double meaning in the sources.
The term has the meaning of one being crestfallen, depressed, despondent, downcast, gloomy, sullen and evidently frowning, scowling.
From the Early Modern period, their name has become a term for female warriors in general.
The term is often used synonymously with the term antibiotic ( s ); today, however, with increased knowledge of the causative agents of various infectious diseases, antibiotic ( s ) has come to denote a broader range of antimicrobial compounds, including anti-fungal and other compounds.
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