The term " common law " originally derives from the 1150s and 1160s, when Henry II of England established the secular English tribunals.

In Confucianism, the term " li " (), sometimes translated into English as rituals, customs, rites, etiquette, or morals, refers to any of the secular social functions of daily life, akin to the Western term for culture.

A more secular meaning can denote that the term Christendom refers to Christians considered as a group, the " Political Christian World ", as an informal cultural hegemony that Christianity has traditionally enjoyed in the West.

The term " goddess " has also been adapted to poetic and secular use as a complimentary description of a non-mythological woman.

In some 19th or 20th century contexts, the term may refer specifically to paintings of scenes from secular history, rather than those from religious narratives, literature or mythology.

The term covers organized non-theistic religions, secular humanism, and a humanistic life stance.

The term " secular " is more popular as a self-description among Israeli families of western ( European ) origin, whose Jewish identity may be a very powerful force in their lives, but who see it as largely independent of traditional religious belief and practice.

In addition many countries have secular holidays that are moveable, for instance to make holidays more consecutive ; the term " moveable feast " is not used in this case however.

* act on any time scale from short term, commensurable with the orbit periods, to secular, measured in 10 < sup > 4 </ sup > to 10 < sup > 6 </ sup > years.

From the 1790s, the term began being used also for propaganda in secular activities.

Elsewhere, " Hellene " or " gentile " ( ethnikos ) remained the word for " pagan "; and paganos continued as a purely secular term, with overtones of the inferior and the commonplace.

A cockfight is a contest held in a ring called a cockpit between two gamecocks or cocks, with the first use of the word gamecock ( denoting use of the cock in game, sport, pastime or entertainment ) appearing in 1646. after the term “ cock of the game ” used by George Wilson, in the earliest known book on the secular sport of cockfighting in The Commendation of Cocks and Cock Fighting in 1607.

However, many adherents of the approach reject the use of the word " secular " as obfuscating and confusing, and consider that the term " secular humanism " has been " demonized by the religious right ... All too often secular humanism is reduced to a sterile outlook consisting of little more than secularism slightly broadened by academic ethics.

Thus the term humanist can mean a humanities scholar, as well as refer to The Enlightenment / Renaissance intellectuals, and those who have agreement with the pre-Socratics, as distinct from secular humanists.

According to the Council for Secular Humanism, within the United States, the term " secular humanism " describes a world view with the following elements and principles:

Starting in the mid-20th century, religious fundamentalists and the religious right began using the term " secular humanism " in hostile fashion.

The Fellowship of Humanity case itself referred to Humanism but did not mention the term secular humanism.

Huxley wanted science to be secular, without religious interference, and his article in the April 1860 Westminster Review promoted scientific naturalism over natural theology, praising Darwin for " extending the domination of Science over regions of thought into which she has, as yet, hardly penetrated " and coining the term " Darwinism " as part of his efforts to secularise and professionalise science.

The meaning of the term changed over time, from the simple single voice madrigal of the early 17th century, to the multi-voice " cantata da camera " and the " cantata da chiesa " of the later part of that century, from the more substantial dramatic forms of the 18th century ( including the 200-odd church and secular cantatas of Johann Sebastian Bach ) to the usually sacred-texted 19th-century cantata, which was effectively a type of short oratorio.

The German term Hochstift was often used to denote the form of secular authority held by bishops ruling a prince-bishopric with Erzstift being used for prince-archbishoprics.

The term " soul music " itself, to describe gospel-style music with secular lyrics, is first attested in 1961.

They have been criticized for their association with Dominionism, a term which describes politically active conservative Christians who are believed to seek influence or control over secular civil government through political action.

However, it is the Jewish artists, Gustav Mahler and Franz Kafka in music and literature that have embraced the theme of angst so highly in their work that they have become synonymous with the term to the point of popular joking and cartoons today.

The disputed books, included in one canon but not in others, are often called the Biblical apocrypha, a term that is sometimes used specifically ( and possibly pejoratively in English ) to describe the books in the Catholic and Orthodox canons that are absent from the Jewish Masoretic Text ( also called the Tanakh or Miqra ) and most modern Protestant Bibles.

Another relatively early use of the term in a German-language work was in a book by Fritz Sternberg, a Jewish Marxist political economist who was a refugee from the Third Reich.

The term conservative was meant to signify that Jews should attempt to conserve Jewish tradition, rather than reform or abandon it, and does not imply the movement's adherents are politically conservative.

: Third, though the term was unknown, pluralism has characterized Jewish life and thought through the ages.

Rhyming slang terms for Jew have included " Chelsea Blue ", " Stick of Glue ", " Four by Two ", " Buckle my shoe ", and " Front Wheel Skid ", which is a more palatable form of the insulting term " Yid ", short for Yiddish, the language spoken by many Jewish immigrants to the UK in the early 20th century.

Outside of the Roman Catholic Church, the term deuterocanonical is sometimes used, by way of analogy, to describe books that Eastern Orthodoxy, and Oriental Orthodoxy included in the Old Testament that are not part of the Jewish Tanakh, nor the Protestant Old Testament.

When capitalized and without modifiers ( that is, simply the Diaspora ), the term refers specifically to the Jewish diaspora ; when uncapitalized the word diaspora may be used to refer to refugee populations of other origins or ethnicities.

While Safran's definitions were influenced by the idea of the Jewish diaspora, he recognised the expanding use of the term.

The Christian censorship of the Jewish Talmud in the aftermath of the Disputation of Barcelona and during the Spanish Inquisition and Roman Inquisition, let the term spread within the Jewish classical texts, since the church censors replaced terms like Minim (" sectarians ", coined on the Christians ) with the term Epikorsim or Epicursim, meaning heretics, since the church had heavily persecuted heretics at that time.

In order to distinguish esoteric currents based primarily on sources from late Antiquity and the European Middle Ages, from e. g. Islamic or Jewish currents with similar features, the more precise term " Western esotericism " is often employed.

They used the term “ Final Solution ” to refer to their plan to annihilate the Jewish people .”

( Matthew avoids using the holy word God in the expression " Kingdom of God "; instead he prefers the term " Kingdom of Heaven ", reflecting the Jewish tradition of not speaking the name of God ).

However, the term is also used to refer to the apocryphal gospels, the non-canonical gospels, the Jewish gospels and the gnostic gospels.

Schneur Zalman of Liadi in Russia saw Jewish emancipation | physical improvement but long term Jewish assimilation | spiritual danger and opposed

The earliest instance of the term in English, used to mean " the profession or practice of the Jewish religion ; the religious system or polity of the Jews ", is Robert Fabyan's The newe cronycles of Englande and of Fraunce a 1513.

The term " Jewish-Christian " had been used in this sense as early as 1785 in Richard Watson's essay " The Teaching and Witness of the Holy Spirit ", and " Jewish Christian " ( as an adjective ) as early as 1644 in William Rathband's A Briefe Narration of Some Church Courses.

Early German use of the term judenchristlich (" Jewish-Christian "), in a decidedly negative sense, can be found in the late writings of Friedrich Nietzsche, who emphasized what he saw as neglected aspects of continuity between the Jewish world view and that of Christianity.

Food that may be consumed according to halakha ( Jewish law ) is termed kosher in English, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term kashér (), meaning " fit " ( in this context, fit for consumption ).

The Hebrew term in Isaiah 14: 12, became a dominant conception of a fallen angel motif in Enochic Judaism, when Jewish pseudepigrapha flourished during the Second Temple period, particularly with the apocalypses.