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term and subculture
) is a term used to refer to a subculture composed of fans characterized by a feeling of sympathy and camaraderie with others who share a common interest.
The programmer subculture of hackers disassociates from the mass media's pejorative use of the word ' hacker ' referring to computer security, and usually prefer the term ' cracker ' for that meaning.
Within the computer programmer subculture of hackers, the term hacker is also used for a programmer who reaches a goal by employing a series of modifications to extend existing code or resources.
" As a result of the large-scale activities surrounding the Harmonic Convergence in 1987, the American mass-media further popularised the term as a label for the alternative spiritual subculture, including practices such as meditation, channeling, crystal healing, astral projection, psychic experience, holistic health, simple living, and environmentalism ; or belief in phenomena such as Earth mysteries, ancient astronauts, extraterrestrial life, unidentified flying objects, crop circles, and reincarnation.
The issue of authenticity is important in the punk subculturethe pejorative term " poseur " is applied to those who associate with punk and adopt its stylistic attributes but are deemed not to share or understand the underlying values and philosophy.
" The term is used to refer to a person who adopts the dress, speech, and / or mannerisms of a punk or hardcore subculture, generally for attaining acceptability within the group, yet who is deemed to not share or understand the values or philosophy of the subculture.
While this perceived inauthenticity is viewed with scorn and contempt by members of the subculture, the definition of the term and to whom it should be applied is subjective.
This is sometimes referred to as a subculture, a term used extensively within criminology.
His bishōnen cuteness embodied and formed the term " shotacon ", putting a name to an old sexual subculture.
" Bear " is an LGBT slang term that refers to members of a subculture in the gay and bisexual male communities and to an emerging subset of LGBT communities with events, codes, and a culture-specific identity.
However, there is some contention that the term " bear ", along with many of the conventions of the subculture, predate Bulger's creation of " Bear Magazine.
Ganguro falls into the larger subculture of gyaru ( from English " gal "), a slang term used for various groups of young women, usually referring to overly childish women.
Today, while some may still use the term strictly in the old-fashioned sense ( i. e., the romanticized Old Guard ), more than ever the leather subculture in the 21st century represents the activities of several major sub-communities.
Many spelling variants occur throughout the rave scene when referring to this subculture, although the actual origins of the term are unknown.
The term describes a subculture of gay men who prefer masculine-identified men as legitimately as some men prefer effeminate men and drag queens.
The term " homomasculinity " grew out of the gay-identity movement and the leather subculture of 1970's San Francisco.
In 19th-century Tasmania, the term flash mob was used to describe a subculture consisting of female prisoners, based on the term flash language for the jargon that these women used.
As urban / hip-hop culture has been portrayed as a glamorous subculture to the youths today, the term has been commonly used as playful greeting for those who seek an urban identity to develop their own culture from and will use the term " Son " as well other terms found in rap lyrics like " Nigga ", Cuhz ( Cousin ).
Down-low is an African American slang term that refers to a subculture of men who usually identify as heterosexual, but who have sex with men ; some avoid sharing this information even if they have female sexual partner ( s ).
However other sources state that visual kei is only a fashion, with its unique clothing, make-up and participation in the related subculture being what exemplifies the use of the term.
Lifestyle is a media culture term derived from that of style in art .< ref > Bernstein, J. M. Introduction, in Adorno Culture industry p. 35 quotation: Usually, but not always, it implies an affinity or identification within some matching subculture ( examples include hippies, yuppies, goths and punks ).
Raggare ( a Swedish word roughly corresponding to the English term " pick-up artist ", i. e., a person seeking sexual contact with someone ) is a subculture found mostly in Sweden and parts of Norway, Finland, Denmark, Germany and Austria.

term and poverty
In January 1995, Kemp's stated reason for not entering the 1996 Republican Party presidential primaries was that his personal beliefs were out of balance with the contemporary Republican political landscape: Kemp opposed term limits, he always preferred tax cuts to anything resembling a balanced budget amendment and, unlike most Republicans, favored federal incentives to combat urban poverty.
The image of Spam as a low cost meat product gave rise to the Scottish colloquial term " Spam valley " to describe certain affluent housing areas where residents appear to be wealthy but in reality may be living at poverty levels.
Mbeki has used his position on the world stage to call for an end to global apartheid, a term he uses to describe the disparity between a small minority of rich nations and a great number of impoverished states in the world, arguing that a " global human society based on poverty for many and prosperity for a few, characterised by islands of wealth, surrounded by a sea of poverty, is unsustainable ".
These policies arguably had a positive impact on poverty reduction, with the percentage of Argentines estimated to living in poverty falling during Menem's first term as president.
The term ' absolute poverty ' is sometimes synonymously referred to as ' extreme poverty.
Many state LIHEAP ( Low Income Home Energy Assistance ) programs work side by side with WAP to provide both immediate and long term solutions to energy poverty.
In modern context, the term ghetto now refers to an overcrowded urban area often associated with specific ethnic or racial populations living below the poverty line.
In other words, the concept of " Second World " was a construct of the Cold War and the term has largely fallen out of use since the revolutions of 1989, though it is still occasionally used to describe countries that are in between poverty and prosperity, many of which are communist and former communist countries today.
The term absolute poverty is also sometimes used as a synonym for extreme poverty.
The term relative poverty can also be used in a different sense to mean " moderate poverty " –- for example, a standard of living or level of income that is high enough to satisfy basic needs ( like water, food, clothing, shelter, and basic health care ), but still significantly lower than that of the majority of the population under consideration.
During his first term in office, Morales improved the living standards of poor Bolivians, reducing levels of extreme poverty and illiteracy while significantly increasing state intervention on the economy by nationalizing oil, mines, gas, and communications.
B ' Stard's arrogance even extended to stating that there was nothing wrong with the education system that couldn't be put right with £ 2, 500 a term, and that NHS waiting lists could be abolished by shutting down the health service, thereby eradicating poor people and eliminating poverty.
In response to the impasse, the rhetoric of development is now focusing on the issue of poverty, with the metanarrative of modernization being replaced by shorter term vision embodied by the Millennium Development Goals and the Human Development approach.
Some of his opponents also contend that escalating violence and increasing poverty occurred during his term, but statistics from the World Bank show that poverty did, in fact, decrease during the Flores administration.
Eusebius and Origen both claimed the Ebionites ' appellation was a term of derision indicating a poverty in intellect, rather than material possessions.
In his second term, Bloomberg has made school reform, strict gun control, and poverty reduction central priorities of his administration.
The Canadian term was named after Richard Bennett, the Prime Minister of Canada from 1930 to 1935, who was blamed for the nation's poverty.
These policies significantly improved the living standards of the less well off in French society, with poverty reduced during Mauroy ’ s term in office.
Welfare benefit increases for vulnerable groups, and other initiatives such as the minimum wage, have addressed some aspects of general poverty and fuel poverty, this approach must be considered short term in the context of fuel poverty.

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