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theoretical and background
Graph of cosmic microwave background spectrum measured by the FIRAS instrument on the Cosmic Background Explorer | COBE, the most-precisely measured black body spectrum in nature, the standard error of estimation | error bars are too small to be seen even in enlarged image, and it is impossible to distinguish the observed data from the theoretical curve
Classical economists such as Adam Smith ( 1723 1790 ) and John Stuart Mill ( 1806 1873 ) provided a theoretical background to resource-allocation, production, and pricing issues.
Scientific understanding derives from observation, but the acceptance of scientific statements is dependent on the related theoretical background or paradigm as well as on observation.
He discovered a theoretical explanation of alpha decay via quantum tunneling, and worked on radioactive decay of the atomic nucleus, star formation, stellar nucleosynthesis and Big Bang nucleosynthesis ( which he collectively called nucleocosmogenesis ), the cosmic microwave background, and molecular genetics.
' Theoretically grain and soil and woman go together ..." said Tot about the theoretical background of the relief.
Spherical harmonics are important in many theoretical and practical applications, particularly in the computation of atomic orbital electron configurations, representation of gravitational fields, geoids, and the magnetic fields of planetary bodies and stars, and characterization of the cosmic microwave background radiation.
In 1993, theoretical cosmologist Jim Peebles criticized the cosmology of Klein ( 1971 ) and Alfvén's 1966 book, Worlds-Antiworlds, writing that " there is no way that the results can be consistent with the isotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation and X-ray backgrounds ".
* String background, in theoretical physics
This is so because any falsifying observation is embedded in a theoretical background, which can be modified in order to save the hypothesis.
Zener was a theoretical physicist with a background in mathematics who conducted research in a wide range of subjects including: superconductivity, metallurgy, ferromagnetism, elasticity, fracture mechanics, diffusion and, geometric programming.
This limit should be the maximum energy of cosmic ray particles that have traveled long distances ( about 160 million light years ), due to the theoretical energy losses of higher-energy ray particles and to scattering from photons in the cosmic microwave background.
BTECs provide a more practical, real-world approach to learning and skills development alongside a key theoretical background.
As for postgraduate education, BUAA concentrates on the specialized talents with a good background of theoretical knowledge and a profound understanding of their major knowledge through the academic programs, who have the ability to innovate, who are self-starters, and who are willing to devote themselves to scientific endeavor and team-working.
Many books and handouts on FAS recommend a developmental approach, based on developmental psychology, even though most do not specify it as such and provide little theoretical background.
Although Deng provided the theoretical background and the political support to allow economic reform to occur, few of the economic reforms that Deng introduced were originated by Deng himself.
This may be due to the intervention not having a sound theoretical background, or it may be that the intervention is not run according to the way it was created to run.
During this time Dr. Ross Warren of RCA Victor and Dr. Whitehead jointly developed the theoretical background for the work in a major report to DRB.
In the behavioural sciences, e. g. Psychology, Biology, Neurosciences, an experimental paradigm is an experimental setup ( i. e. a way to conduct a certain type of experiment ) that is defined by certain fine-tuned standards and often has a theoretical background.
* The evolution of the astronomical eyepiece, in-depth discussion of various design and theoretical background
Those methods combine theoretical background ( that determines what it is that they measure ) with defined set of questions and statistical processing of results.
Differentiating factors are the underlying theoretical background and contextual relevance.
See the article on Bell's theorem for the theoretical background to these experimental efforts ( see also J. S. Bell ).
* Gecode, an open source portable toolkit written in C ++ developed as a production-quality and highly efficient implementation of a complete theoretical background.
By their nature, some disciplines such as Nursing, Medicine and Law require an intense theoretical background as well as practical training, and so a first university degree in those areas may take longer to complete ( up to 6 years ).

theoretical and compression
Interest in fractal compression seems to be waning, due to recent theoretical analysis showing a comparative lack of effectiveness of such methods.
This is the theoretical reason why we need to have different compression algorithms for different kinds of files: there cannot be any algorithm that is good for all kinds of data.
* — comp. compression's FAQ item 73, What is the theoretical compression limit?
The theoretical shape of the rotor between the fixed corners is the result of a minimization of the volume of the geometric combustion chamber and a maximization of the compression ratio, respectively.
Rate distortion theory is a major branch of information theory which provides the theoretical foundations for lossy data compression ; it addresses the problem of determining the minimal number of bits per symbol, as measured by the rate R, that should be communicated over a channel, so that the source ( input signal ) can be approximately reconstructed at the receiver ( output signal ) without exceeding a given distortion D.
This has great use in compression theory as it provides a theoretical means for compressing data, allowing us to represent any sequence X < sup > n </ sup > using nH ( X ) bits on average, and, hence, justifying the use of entropy as a measure of information from a source.
A theoretical lower bound for the encoding bit rate for lossless data compression is the source information rate, also known as the entropy rate.
The lack of theoretical guidance from the inventors might have been the cause of badly optimized compression scheme selection code, and despite potentially better performance due to four available compression schemes instead of one ( as in S3TC ), FXT1 did not show any quality improvements to S3TC, being inferior to it in most test cases.
Research topics span from theoretical computer science, such as Formal languages, Formal methods, or more mathematically-oriented topics such as Information theory, optimization, Complex system ... to application-driven topics like Bioinformatics, image and video compression, Handwriting recognition, Computer graphics, Medical imaging, Content-based image retrieval ...

theoretical and is
Often it is recognized that all the details of the pattern may not be essential to the outcome but, because the pattern was empirically determined and not developed through theoretical understanding, one is never quite certain which behavior elements are effective, and the whole pattern becomes ritualized.
They for their part are convinced that Holmes is too `` unorthodox '' and `` theoretical '' to make a good detective.
In continuation of these theoretical studies, a more precise elucidation of the effects of imperfections in network structure is sought.
Our discussion does not utilize all the identity crises postulated by Erikson, but is intended to demonstrate the utility of his theoretical schema for studying unwed mothers.
This type of sociology seeks contributions that aid grassroots and theoretical understandings of what motivates altruism and how it is organized, and promotes an altruistic focus in order to benefit the world and people it studies.
When written in Devanagari, Vedic Sanskrit has an alphabet of 53 letters, including the visarga mark for final aspiration and special letters forand, though one of the letters is theoretical and not actually used.
Absolute zero is the theoretical lowest possible temperature.
More formally, it is the theoretical temperature at which entropy reaches its minimum value.
For theoretical analysis, this approach is more suited for constructing detailed formal proofs and is generally preferred in the research literature.
The term is also used, especially in the description of algorithms, to mean associative array or " abstract array ", a theoretical computer science model ( an abstract data type or ADT ) intended to capture the essential properties of arrays.
What rasa actually is, in a theoretical sense, is not discussed and given the Nātyashāstra's pithy wording it is unlikely the exact understanding of the original author ( s ) will be known.
Algorithm analysis is an important part of a broader computational complexity theory, which provides theoretical estimates for the resources needed by any algorithm which solves a given computational problem.
In theoretical analysis of algorithms it is common to estimate their complexity in the asymptotic sense, i. e., to estimate the complexity function for arbitrarily large input.
Run-time analysis is a theoretical classification that estimates and anticipates the increase in running time ( or run-time ) of an algorithm as its input size ( usually denoted as n ) increases.
It is often used in parallel computing to predict the theoretical maximum speedup using multiple processors.
This is reinforced by his theoretical treatises, which involve principles of mathematics, perspective and ideal proportions.
In modern ( late 20th century ) theoretical physics, angular momentum is described using a different formalism.
Picoammeters are used for sensitive measurements where the current being measured is below the theoretical limits of sensitivity of other devices, such as Multimeters.
The IEEE focuses more on hardware and standardization issues than theoretical computer science, but there is considerable overlap with ACM's agenda.
Between 70 K and room temperature, berkelium behaves as a Curie Weiss paramagnetic material with an effective magnetic moment of 9. 69 Bohr magnetons ( µ < sub > B </ sub >) and a Curie temperature of 101 K. This magnetic moment is almost equal to the theoretical value of 9. 72 µ < sub > B </ sub > calculated within the simple atomic L-S coupling model.
In general, the difference between a statistics program and a biostatistics program is twofold: ( i ) statistics departments will often host theoretical / methodological research which are less common in biostatistics programs and ( ii ) statistics departments have lines of research that may include biomedical applications but also other areas such as industry ( quality control ), business and economics and biological areas other than medicine.

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