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theoretical and maximum
For example, if 95 % of the program can be parallelized, the theoretical maximum speedup using parallel computing would be 20 × as shown in the diagram, no matter how many processors are used.
It is often used in parallel computing to predict the theoretical maximum speedup using multiple processors.
Modern Class AB amplifiers commonly have peak efficiencies between 30 – 55 % in audio systems and 50-70 % in radio frequency systems with a theoretical maximum of 78. 5 %.
Such processes and devices can only be driven by convertible energy, and have a theoretical maximum efficiency when converting energy to work.
* They are very inefficient ; a theoretical maximum of 50 % is obtainable with inductive output coupling and only 25 % with capacitive coupling, unless deliberate use of nonlinearities is made ( such as in square-law output stages ).
Class B has a maximum theoretical efficiency of π / 4.
Dependent upon the method employed, an average density of the loaded charge can be obtained that is within 80 – 99 % of the theoretical maximum density of the explosive.
EDGE can carry a bandwidth up to 384 kbit / s ( with end-to-end latency of less than 150 ms ) for 4 timeslots ( theoretical maximum is 473. 6 kbit / s for 8 timeslots ) in packet mode.
There were many other interactive exhibits, a cafe, a shop and one of Britain's fastest cybercafés ( a one gigabit pipe and a theoretical maximum speed per iMac of 100 Mbit ).
The maximum theoretical efficiency of a heat engine ( which no engine ever attains ) is equal to the temperature difference between the hot and cold ends divided by the temperature at the hot end, all expressed in absolute temperature or kelvins.
Using 2. 4 GHz, 5 GHz and 60 GHz, the new standard can achieve a theoretical maximum throughput of up to 7Gbit / s.
Thus, the maximum theoretical extent of a given mass transfer is typically determined by the point at which the chemical potential is uniform.
These ATP yields are theoretical maximum values ; in practice, some protons leak across the membrane, lowering the yield of ATP.
As the theoretical model suggests, for a Pelton wheel working at maximum efficiency, φ is about 1 / 2.
The maximum theoretical payout, assuming 100 % return to player would be 1000 times the bet, but that would leave no room for other pays, making the machine very high risk, and also quite boring.
They are ' maximum theoretical throughput ', ' maximum achievable throughput ', and ' peak measured throughput ' and ' maximum sustained throughput '.
UMTS supports maximum theoretical data transfer rates of 42 Mbit / s when HSPA + is implemented in the network.
Its two 30-horsepower electrical motors, powered by 613 batteries, gave it a theoretical range of 396 nautical miles and a maximum speed of 10. 9 knots an hour at the surface.
* July 16, 2186: Total solar eclipse of 7 min 29 s ( very close to the theoretical maximum ), saros 139, " crowing " this series.
Other reports quote the theoretical maximum efficiency of electrolysis as being between 80 % and 94 %.
The theoretical maximum considers the total amount of energy absorbed by both the hydrogen and oxygen.
The degree of isochronous distortion, in data transmission, is the ratio of the absolute value of the maximum measured difference between the actual and the theoretical intervals separating any two significant instants of modulation ( or demodulation ), to the unit interval.

theoretical and efficiency
The older scales were based on theoretical estimates of the conversion efficiency of kinetic energy into light.
However, when modeling packed columns, it is useful to compute a number of " theoretical stages " to denote the separation efficiency of the packed column with respect to more traditional trays.
Diesel spent two more years making improvements and in 1896 demonstrated another model with a theoretical efficiency of 75 percent, in contrast to the 10 percent efficiency of the steam engine.
Specialization is considered key to economic efficiency based on theoretical and empirical considerations.
Additionally, waste heat from SOFC systems may be captured and reused, increasing the theoretical overall efficiency to as high as 80 %- 85 %.
In any case, fully understanding an engine and its efficiency requires gaining a good understanding of the ( possibly simplified or idealized ) theoretical model, the practical nuances of an actual mechanical engine, and the discrepancies between the two.
Since, by the second law of thermodynamics, this is statistically improbable to the point of exclusion, the Carnot efficiency is a theoretical upper bound on the reliable efficiency of any process.
Operators of hydroelectric plants will compare the total electrical energy produced with the theoretical potential energy of the water passing through the turbine to calculate efficiency.
Internal combustion engines are primarily heat engines, and as such their theoretical efficiency can be calculated by idealized thermodynamic cycles.
The efficiency of a theoretical cycle cannot exceed that of the Carnot cycle, whose efficiency is determined by the difference between the lower and upper operating temperatures of the engine.
The amount of air which is actually inhaled, compared with the theoretical amount if the engine could maintain atmospheric pressure, is called volumetric efficiency.
To put this in perspective relative to another energy conversion process, the photosynthetic efficiency theoretical limit is around 11 %.
Modern designs allow performance approaching the theoretical maximum Carnot efficiency and the largest built in 1999 by the USA generated 250 kW.
This definition of efficiency differs from that of Pareto efficiency, and forms the basis of the theoretical argument against the existence of market failures.
In 2001 Bernstein circulated " Circuits for integer factorization: a proposal ," which caused a stir as it potentially suggested that if physical hardware implementations could be close to their theoretical efficiency, then perhaps current views about how large numbers have to be before they are impractical to factor might be off by a factor of three.

theoretical and any
Algorithm analysis is an important part of a broader computational complexity theory, which provides theoretical estimates for the resources needed by any algorithm which solves a given computational problem.
It was " intended to afford a medium for the presentation and analysis of any and all questions of interest or importance in pure and applied Mathematics, embracing especially all new and interesting discoveries in theoretical and practical astronomy, mechanical philosophy, and engineering ".
BCS derived several important theoretical predictions that are independent of the details of the interaction, since the quantitative predictions mentioned below hold for any sufficiently weak attraction between the electrons and this last condition is fulfilled for many low temperature superconductors-the so-called weak-coupling case.
Methods that do not include any empirical or semi-empirical parameters in their equations – being derived directly from theoretical principles, with no inclusion of experimental data – are called ab initio methods.
In mathematics, particularly theoretical computer science and mathematical logic, the computable numbers, also known as the recursive numbers or the computable reals, are the real numbers that can be computed to within any desired precision by a finite, terminating algorithm.
For any source material of specific composition, the main variables that affect the purity of products in continuous distillation are the reflux ratio and the number of theoretical equilibrium stages ( practically, the number of trays or the height of packing ).
Chesterton thought that Distributism would benefit from the discipline that theoretical analysis imposes, and that distributism is best seen as a widely encompassing concept inside of which any number of interpretations and perspectives can fit.
* Meta-ethics, about the theoretical meaning and reference of moral propositions and how their truth values ( if any ) may be determined ;
These officials are excluded completely from the executive: they do not possess even theoretical executive powers or any role, even formal, within the government.
For example, members of the Irish Cabinet are dismissed by the President on the advice of the Taoiseach ; in other instances, the head of state may be able to dismiss an office holder unilaterally ; other heads of state, or their representatives, have the theoretical power to dismiss any office-holder, while it is exceptionally rarely used.
This is the theoretical reason why we need to have different compression algorithms for different kinds of files: there cannot be any algorithm that is good for all kinds of data.
# A scientific theory may not contain any theoretical terms ( an example of this is Darwin's original theory of evolution ).
G. William Domhoff claims that " The idea of the American state having any significant degree of autonomy from the owners and managers of banks, corporations, and agribusinesses is a theoretical mistake based in empirical inaccuracies ," and cites empirical studies showing a high degree of overlap between upper-level corporate management and high-level positions in government.
A theory of everything ( ToE ) or final theory is a putative theory of theoretical physics that fully explains and links together all known physical phenomena, and predicts the outcome of any experiment that could be carried out in principle.
It was not until the publication of Rameau's ' Traité de l ' harmonie ' ( Treatise on Harmony ) in 1722 that any text discussing musical practice made use of the term in the title, though that work is not the earliest record of theoretical discussion of the topic.
# In asynchronous data transmission, the ratio of ( a ) the absolute value of the maximum measured difference between the actual and theoretical intervals separating any significant instant of modulation ( or demodulation ) from the significant instant of the start element immediately preceding it to ( b ) the unit interval.
* Shannon – Hartley theorem, any statement defining the theoretical maximum rate at which error-free digits can be transmitted over a bandwidth-limited channel in the presence of noise
Note that a theoretical perfect termination at the far end of the cable would entirely absorb the applied pulse without causing any reflection.
90 nuclides from the 40 elements with atomic numbers from one ( hydrogen ) through 40 are theoretically stable to any kind of nuclear decay -- except for the theoretical possibility of proton decay-which has never been observed despite extensive searches for it.
A theory of everything ( TOE ) is a putative theory of theoretical physics that fully explains and links together all known physical phenomena, and predicts the outcome of any experiment that could be carried out in principle.
As with any theoretical approach in the social sciences, political ecology has its strengths and weaknesses.

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