In the late 19th century, in a dispute between supporters of the adequacy of natural selection and those who held for inheritance of acquired characters, one of the arguments made repeatedly by Herbert Spencer, and followed by others, depended on what Spencer referred to as co-adaptation of co-operative parts, as in: " We come now to Professor Weismann's endeavour to disprove my second thesis — that it is impossible to explain by natural selection alone the co-adaptation of co-operative parts.

However, materialists have historically held that everything is made of matter, but physics has shown that gravity, for example, is not made of matter in the traditional sense of "' an inert, senseless substance, in which extension, figure, and motion do actually subsist '… So it is tempting to use ' physicalism ' to distance oneself from what seems a historically important but no longer scientifically relevant thesis of materialism, and related to this, to emphasize a connection to physics and the physical sciences.

Augustine's City of God is an influential work of this period that refuted the thesis, after the First Sack of Rome, that the Christian view could be realized on Earth at all-a view many Christian Romans held.

It is also sometimes held that when a semantic dispute arises, the focus of the debate should switch from the original thesis to the meaning of the terms of which there are different definitions ( understandings, concepts, etc.

* The St Piran Trust has undertaken research which has led them to the conclusion that Saint Piran was indeed Saint Ciarán of Saighir or perhaps a disciple, as indicated by Dr James Brennan of Kilkenny and Dr T. F. G. Dexter, whose thesis is held in the Royal Cornwall Museum.

This thesis held that for the majority of the peoples of the planet, the long road to socialism could only be opened by a ‘ national, popular, democratic, anti-feudal and anti-imperialist revolution language of the day, run by the communists.

He held his first thesis ( tentativa ) in theology on January 25, 1648, in the presence of the Prince de Condé.

He held his second thesis ( sorbonica ) on November 9, 1650.

This thesis was concocted around Turner's picture of The Golden Bough, a sacred grove where a certain tree grew day and night ; a transfigured landscape in a dream-like vision of the little wood-land lake of Nemi -- " Diana's Mirror " where religious ceremonies and the " fulfillment of vows " of priests and kings were held.

An English translation of Books I and II ( up to the recovery of Constantinople in 1261 ), with commentary, exists in the form of a PhD thesis ( author Nathan Cassidy ) held in the Reid Library of the University of Western Australia.

" He held that corollarial deduction matches Aristotle's conception of direct demonstration, which Aristotle regarded as the only thoroughly satisfactory demonstration, while theorematic deduction ( A ) is the kind more prized by mathematicians, ( B ) is peculiar to mathematics, and ( C ) involves in its course the introduction of a lemma or at least a definition uncontemplated in the thesis ( the proposition that is to be proved ); in remarkable cases that definition is of an abstraction that " ought to be supported by a proper postulate.

It was originally conceived as his master's thesis in architecture at McGill University and then built as a pavilion for Expo 67, the World's Fair held from April to October 1967.

Today the expression is largely used pejoratively since its thesis is held to be antithetical to Marxist socialism by Trotskyists and others.

One might call it a critical case, for if Galileo ’ s thesis held for these materials, it could be expected to be valid for all or a large range of materials.

The habilitation is awarded after a public lecture, to be held after the thesis has been accepted, and after which the venia legendi is bestowed.

At the 2nd congress of the CSP, held in Meerut in January 1936, a thesis was adopted which declared that there was a need to build ' a united Indian Socialist Party based on Marxism-Leninism '.

To Quine, even mathematics and logic must be revised in light of recalcitrant experience, a thesis that Duhem never held.

This thesis – held in high regard by Wolfgang Metzger-shows that Gestalt theory is an appropriate framework to integrate the methods and merits of many other psychotherapeutic schools, especially the analytic and the humanistic ones.

His thesis on that occasion was devoted to a question in organic chemistry, for he held the opinion that the study of chemistry is an indispensable preliminary to the pursuit of physics, which was his ultimate aim.

The only known copies not held by the author were kept in the Johns Hopkins school library and the Writing Seminars Department thesis copies, but recent inquiries by devoted Barth fans have shown that the copy held by the Writing Seminars at Johns Hopkins disappeared in the mid-1960s, while the other seems to have mysteriously " walked out " of the school's special collections division of the library.

In his unpublished 1934 master's thesis, Clifton Oxendine held that the Lumbee descend from Iroquoian-speaking Cherokee.

* Steve Bruce, The Student Christian Movement and the Inter-Varsity Fellowship: a sociological study of two student movements, ( PhD thesis ) — A copy is held at the British Library and also at the Center for Research Libraries, Chicago, IL 60637.

Gruner's thesis is supported by the fact that shortly after the release of the men held in the Rosenstraße building, some 200 of them were appointed as officials of the Reichsvereinigung.

Turing's " definitions " given in a footnote in his 1939 Ph. D. thesis Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals, supervised by Church, are virtually the same:

The essay's central thesis is Raymond's proposition that " given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow " ( which he terms Linus ' Law ): the more widely available the source code is for public testing, scrutiny, and experimentation, the more rapidly all forms of bugs will be discovered.

The new thesis was given a " second-class " pass.

First, a thesis is given, which can be any postulate in logic.

Private lectureship is conferred on academics who have earned a doctorate ( promotion ) and then have written another thesis for habilitation and given a lecture before the respective department or faculty of a university.

Under the accomplishment of the Magister Scientiæ thesis dissertation, that in years of formal education, is generally equivalent to a Ph. D. or Doctorate in universities of North America or Europe given the Bologna comparison system among academic programs.

* dissertation-a written treatise or thesis, usually lengthy, usually authored by a doctoral candidate, usually directed by a faculty advisor, and usually intended to advance the state of the art in a given discipline.

In 1950, the economists Raúl Prebisch and Hans Singer independently developed the thesis that countries that export commodities ( developing countries ) in time would import fewer manufactured goods relative to a given level of exports.

: This verdict is given only when the thesis requires major revisions and when the examination makes it clear that the candidate is incapable of making such revisions.

The examining committee normally consists of the thesis committee, usually a given number of professors mainly from the student's university plus his or her primary supervisor, an external examiner ( someone not otherwise connected to the university ), and a chair person.

Each committee member will have been given a completed copy of the dissertation prior to the defense, and will come prepared to ask questions about the thesis itself and the subject matter.

In his doctoral thesis, Post proved, among other things, that the propositional calculus of Principia Mathematica was complete: all tautologies are theorems, given the Principia axioms and the rules of substitution and modus ponens.

The thesis is a minimalism in the sense that it eschews the additional requirements piled on top of true belief and argues that the intuitive reasons given for the JTB analysis and its descendants are either misleading or misunderstood.

The classic Church – Turing thesis claims that any computer as powerful as a Turing machine can, in principle, calculate anything that a human can calculate, given enough time.

Duhem's name is given to the under-determination or Duhem-Quine thesis, which holds that for any given set of observations there is an innumerably large number of explanations.

The Uniqueness Assumption is the thesis that, for any antecedent A, there is a unique possible world where A is true, while the Limit Assumption is the thesis that, for a given antecedent A, there is a unique set of worlds where A is true that are closest.

In his thesis, he states that ghostwriters write on research given to them by drug companies, which want both positive results and positive research ; therefore ghostwriting is biased from the beginning.

* The Robert J. Trumpler Award, named in honor of astronomer Robert J. Trumpler, given to a recent recipient of a Ph. D degree with a particularly notable thesis.

He originally applied for a degree in physics, but was instead given one in mathematics, and was first required to significantly rewrite his thesis, de-emphasizing the physics content.

I had given a favorable opinion for Grichka's defense, based on a rapid and indulgent reading of the thesis text.

The Robert J. Trumpler Award of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific is given annually to a recent recipient of the Ph. D degree whose thesis is judged particularly significant to astronomy.

Since the thesis given by the Doctor goes that humanity as a whole thinks that a century begins with the centennial year, so the mass unconscious of humanity creates these heroes in the beginning moments of the centennial year.