this mass threshold was derived from the detector calibration and an assumed impact velocity of Af.

Note that the mass threshold is four times that of 1958 Alpha and that the flux is one fifth as large.

They quote about the same mass threshold as that of the U.S. apparatus, but a momentum threshold about 40 times greater.

The threshold mass of about Af corresponds to a 10-M-diameter sphere of density Af.

According to objective collapse theories, superpositions are destroyed spontaneously ( irrespective of external observation ) when some objective physical threshold ( of time, mass, temperature, irreversibility, etc.

Two-dimensional computer models suggest that the stability of Theia's proposed trojan orbit would have been affected when its growing mass exceeded a threshold of approximately 10 % of the Earth's mass.

Critics also worry that the existence of lower-yield nuclear weapons for relatively limited tactical purposes will lower the threshold for their actual use, thus blurring the sharp line between conventional weapons intended for use and weapons of mass destruction intended only for hypothetical deterrence and increasing the risk of escalation to higher-yield nuclear weapons.

The threshold for this is when the core of the star has a mass around 15 times the sun depending on the exact chemical composition and rotation rate.

Thus, if 105 g can ( only just ) be distinguished from 100 g, the jnd ( or differential threshold ) is 5 g. If the mass is doubled, the differential threshold also doubles to 10 g, so that 210 g can be distinguished from 200 g. In this example, a weight ( any weight ) seems to have to increase by 5 % for someone to be able to reliably detect the increase, and this minimum required fractional increase ( of 5 / 100 of the original weight ) is referred to as the " Weber fraction " for detecting changes in weight.

Quasars are a good candidate source because they are highly efficient at converting mass to energy, and emit a great deal of light above the threshold for ionizing hydrogen.

The threshold for Penrose OR is given by the indeterminacy principle E = ħ / t, where E is the gravitational self-energy or the degree of spacetime separation given by the superpositioned mass, ħ is the reduced Planck constant, and t is the time until OR occurs.

According to reviewer Jeremy Grimshaw, " there emerges at the upper frequency threshold a crystalline conglomeration of extremely high pitches, which glimmer as an indistinguishable mass even as glissandi continually enter the top range and fade " According to his friend Philip Corner For Ann ( rising ), " must be optimistic!

Technogaians believe humanity has currently reached just such a threshold, and that the only way for human civilization to continue advancing is to accept the tenets of technogaianism and limit future exploitive exhaustion of natural resources and minimize further unsustainable development or face the widespread, ongoing mass extinction of species.

* Critical mass ( sociodynamics ), a threshold value of the number of people needed to trigger a phenomenon by exchange of ideas

In still others which are barely on the threshold of the transition into modernity, the decade can bring significant progress in launching the slow process of developing their human resources and their basic services to the point where an expanded range of developmental activities is possible.

Yet it is the accumulation of distortion, the fitting together of fractional bits until the total reaches the threshold of our awareness, that makes records sound like records.

The amplifier is designed so that its gain is large for accelerometer signals above a certain threshold level.

This increase in the `` threshold '', as the conventional forces strengthening is called, will prove one of the alliance's most difficult problems in the months to come.

Now her modern tapestries have been exhibited on two continents and, at 26, she feels she is on the threshold of a whole new life in Los Angeles.

A statistically significant result ( when a probability ( p-value ) is less than a threshold ( significance level )) justifies the rejection of the null hypothesis.

The smallest sound that a person can hear, known as the threshold of hearing, is nine orders of magnitude smaller than the ambient pressure.

* A potentially serious side effect of many antipsychotics is that they tend to lower an individual's seizure threshold.

Additionally, PWM ( pulse-width modulation ) anemometers are also used, wherein the velocity is inferred by the time length of a repeating pulse of current that brings the wire up to a specified resistance and then stops until a threshold " floor " is reached, at which time the pulse is sent again.

In some contexts, the signal bandwidth in hertz refers to the frequency range in which the signal's spectral density is nonzero or above a small threshold value.

Because this range of non-zero amplitude may be very broad or infinite, this definition is typically relaxed so that the bandwidth is defined as the range of frequencies in which the signal's spectral density is above a certain threshold relative to its maximum.

The bankrupt will have to pay income contributions if his or her income is above a certain threshold.

The threshold is indexed biannually in March and September, and varies according to the number of dependants the bankrupt has.

The income contributions liability is calculated by halving the amount of income that exceeds the threshold.

Antipsychotics are not recommended for benzodiazepine withdrawal ( or other CNS depressant withdrawal states ) especially clozapine, olanzapine or low potency phenothiazines e. g. chlorpromazine as they lower the seizure threshold and can worsen withdrawal effects ; if used extreme caution is required.

It is contraindicated in patients with a history of long-term use of benzodiazepines, those having ingested a substance that lowers the seizure threshold or may cause an arrhythmia, and in those with abnormal vital signs.

Performers who meet the eligibility criteria of working a certain number of days or attaining a certain threshold in income derived from SAG productions can join the Producers Pension and Health Plans offered by the Guild.

Auseil is not a true French word, but it has been suggested that Lovecraft derived it from the phrase au seuil, meaning at the threshold.

A binary edge map, derived from the Sobel operator, with a threshold of 80.

Another way is to define a dynamic threshold for filtering noise, that is derived from the local signal, again with respect to a local time-frequency region.

Because the RfD assumes " a dose below below which no adverse noncarcinogenic health effects should result from a lifetime of exposure ", the critical step in all chemical risk and regulatory threshold calculations is dependent upon a properly derived dose at which no observed adverse effects ( NOEAL ) were seen which is then divided by an uncertainty factor that considers inadequacies of the study, animal-to-human extrapolation, sensitive sub-populations, and inadequacies of the database.

The term dargah is derived from a Persian word which can mean, among other uses, " portal " or " threshold ".

If the above function is estimated for many measured intervals with various values of D subtracted ( and for various values of n ) it should be found that for values of D above a certain threshold, the above equation will be nearly true, and the count rate derived from these modified intervals will be equal to the true count rate.

The procedure is repeated several times so that an average threshold can be derived for the test.

Near the end is a quotation of poetry, derived from To An Athlete Dying Young: " Today, the road all runners come / Shoulder-high we bring you home / And set you at your threshold down / Townsman of a stiller town.

The polytomous Rasch model was derived by Andrich ( 1978 ), subsequent to derivations by Rasch ( 1961 ) and Andersen ( 1977 ), through resolution of relevant terms of a general form of Rasch ’ s model into threshold and discrimination parameters.

For international banks, including the 55 member central banks of the Bank for International Settlements, the threshold is 8 % ( see the Basel Capital Accords ) of risk-adjusted assets, whereby certain assets ( such as government bonds ) are considered to have lower risk and are either partially or fully excluded from total assets for the purposes of calculating capital adequacy.

Electrons can also be emitted from the electrodes of certain metals when light of frequency greater than the threshold frequency falls on it.

These differences stem from the threshold chosen for describing an extinction event as " major ", and the data chosen to measure past diversity.

For subject matter jurisdiction, the claims in the case must either: ( 1 ) raise a Federal Question ( i. e., a cause of action or defense arising under the Constitution, a Federal statute, or the law of admiralty ); or have diversity of parties ( i. e., all of the defendants are from a different state than the Plaintiff ), and have an amount in controversy that exceeds a monetary threshold ( which changes from time to time, but is $ 75, 000 as of 2011 ).

Adapting the algorithm to use an additional array to store the shape of the region allows generalization to cover " fuzzy " flood filling, where an element can differ by up to a specified threshold from the source symbol.

For example, when a nominally straight, un-aliased line steps across one pixel, a dogleg occurs halfway through the line, where it crosses the threshold from one pixel to the other.

By 1912, 16 % of peasants ( up from 11 % in 1903 ) had relatively large endowments of over per male family member ( a threshold used in statistics to distinguish between middle-class and prosperous farmers, i. e., kulaks ).

This definition breaks from the established use of the term libre to refer to free content and free software, where a specific threshold of permission must be reached.

It also announced that the threshold foreign equity ownership has been raised from 49 % to 70 % and allowed foreign banks to open up new branches and micro-credit facilities.

A helium-oxygen breathing gas is often used by deep-sea divers at depths of seawater over 55 m ( 180 ft ) to keep the diver from experiencing oxygen toxemia, the lethal effect of high-pressure oxygen, and nitrogen narcosis, the distracting narcotic effect of the nitrogen in air beyond this partial-pressure threshold.

Opponents of thresholds argue that they unfairly redirect support from minor parties, giving parties which cross the threshold disproportionate numbers of seats and creating the possibility that a party or coalition will assume control of the legislature without gaining a majority of votes.

# Raising the electoral threshold from 1 % ( until 1992 ) to 1. 5 % ( until 2004 ), then 2 % ( took effect in Israeli legislative election, 2006 )

Others have bounced back considerably beyond that threshold however ( e. g., Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia ), and some, such as Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, underwent an economic boom ( see Baltic Tiger ), although all have suffered from the 2009 recession.

While courts have specifically made clear certain instances which have succeeded or failed to meet the nebulous threshold for materiality, the topic remains unresolved in large part, except in certain legal areas where intent manifests itself in an abundantly clear fashion, such as with the so-called perjury trap, a specific situation in which a prosecutor calls a person to testify before a grand jury with the intent of drawing a perjurious statement from the person being questioned.

When the sample is heated, at a certain temperature it will glow from the emission of electrons released from the defects, and this glow can be used to estimate the age of the sample to a threshold of approximately 15 percent of its true age.

On the other hand, a presynaptic neuron releasing an inhibitory neurotransmitter, such as GABA, can cause an inhibitory postsynaptic potential ( IPSP ) in the postsynaptic neuron, bringing the membrane potential farther away from the threshold, decreasing its excitability and making it more difficult for the neuron to initiate an action potential.

Additionally, a threshold is used, so that candidates are chosen only from parties that gained at least 5 % of the nationwide vote ( candidates from ethnic-minority parties are exempt from this threshold ).