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Page "Cross section (physics)" ¶ 7
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total and cross-section
* Meker burner – The lower part of its tube has more openings with larger total cross-section, admitting more air and facilitating better mixing of air and gas.
The total amount of scattering in a sparse medium is determined by the product of the scattering cross-section and the number of particles present.
In terms of area, the total cross-section ( σ ) is the sum of the cross-sections due to absorption, scattering and luminescence
Jet aircraft are usually designed using the Whitcomb area rule, which says that the total area of cross-section of the aircraft at any point along the aircraft from the nose must be approximately the same as that of a Sears-Haack body.
Ignoring end effects, the total magnetic flux through the coil is obtained by multiplying the flux density by the cross-section area:
The effectiveness of a material as a biological shield is related to its cross-section for scattering and absorption, and to a first approximation is proportional to the total mass of material per unit area interposed along the line of sight between the radiation source and the region to be protected.
Replacing a mechanically scanned array with a fixed AESA mount ( such as on the F / A-18E / F Super Hornet ) can help reduce an aircraft's overall radar cross-section ( RCS ), but some designs ( such as the Eurofighter Typhoon ) forgo this advantage in order to combine mechanical scanning with electronic scanning and provide a wider angle of total coverage.
( Small being relative to the overall diameter, as it occupies about one-fourth the total cross-section.
The contribution of quasi-elastic processes to the total reaction cross-section of heavy ions.
Its total size should be between 8 in 10 cm, while the relationship between the red and white point in the cross-section should be 1: 2.
A special case is the total cross-section, which gives the probability of a neutron to undergo any sort of reaction ().
When the total energy of the objects is close to the energy of the resonance they interact strongly, and their scattering cross-section becomes very large.
Fano showed that the total scattering cross-section assumes the following form,
The total cross-section for hydrogen is over 10 times that of deuterium, mostly due to the large incoherent scattering length of hydrogen.
Given total force at failure and the force-resisting area ( e. g. the cross-section of a bolt loaded in shear ), shear strength is:

total and is
It is a total situation that is defended: the `` good old days ''.
`` and the more the action claims to be total, the smaller is the part of man engaged ''.
The headline is offensive, particularly in view of the total inaccuracy of the editorial.
Pauling's estimate of 200 megatons yield from the present series of Russian tests will probably turn out to be too high, but a total of 100 megatons is a distinct possibility.
Assuming the lower figure for the big blast and one shot estimated by the Japanese at 10 megatons, a conservative computation is that the 24 announced tests produced a total yield of at least 60 megatons.
One indication of the merits of the new management is found in the fact that during the period 1951-1956, while total annual mileage put on the vehicles increased 35%, the total maintenance cost increased only 11%.
In connection with any claim decided by the Commission pursuant to this Title in which an award is made, the Commission may, upon the written request of the claimant or any attorney heretofore or hereafter employed by such claimant, determine and apportion the just and reasonable attorney's fees for services rendered with respect to such claim, but the total amount of the fees so determined in any case shall not exceed 10 per centum of the total amount paid pursuant to the award.
if such person is deceased or is under a legal disability, payment shall be made to his legal representative: Provided, That if the total award is not over $500 and there is no qualified executor or administrator, payment may be made to the person or persons found by the Comptroller General of the United States to be entitled thereto, without the necessity of compliance with the requirements of law with respect to the administration of estates ; ;
Regardless of its unadjusted allotment, each State is guaranteed by law a minimum allotment each year equal to the allotment which it received in fiscal year 1954 -- increased by a uniform percentage of 5.4865771 which brings total 1954 allotments to all States up to $23,000,000.
Prior to and since 1960 the rest of the support allotment is matched at rates related to the fiscal capacity of the State, with a pivot of 40% State ( or 60% Federal ) participation in total program costs.
The method used for computing the respective Federal and State shares in total program costs is specifically set forth in the Act.
Foreign policy is the total involvement of the American people with peoples and governments abroad.
The total adverse impact of disease, insects, fire, weather, destructive animals, and other forces on the uses and values of forest resources is not generally recognized.
At that time consideration will be given to whether in the light of the United States supplies of rice available for Title 1, disposal, India's production, consumption and stocks of food grains, other imports from the United States and countries friendly to the United States, India's storage capacity, and other related factors, any increase would be possible in the portion of the total rice programmed which is currently planned for procurement during the first year.
In the event the total of rupees accruing to the Government of the United States of America as a consequence of sales made pursuant to this Agreement is different from the rupee equivalent of $1,276 million, the amounts available for the purposes specified in paragraph 1, Article 2, will be adjusted proportionately.
I therefore believe it is realistic to assume a modest drop in the total value of home entertainment electronics to about $1.8 million, slightly below 1960, but above 1959.
It is interesting to note that the present level of military electronics procurement is greater than the industry's total sales to all markets in 1950-1953, which were good years for our industry with television enjoying its initial period of rapid consumer acceptance.
Yet it is the accumulation of distortion, the fitting together of fractional bits until the total reaches the threshold of our awareness, that makes records sound like records.

total and related
The fundamental technique is a partitioning of the total sum of squares SS into components related to the effects used in the model.
" In his later years, Alcott related a story from his boyhood: during a total solar eclipse, he threw rocks at the sky until he fell and dislocated his shoulder.
The term " total DDT " is often used to refer to the sum of all DDT related compounds ( p, p '- DDT, o, p '- DDT, DDE, and DDD ) in a sample.
The Ministry of Health recorded a total of 109, 038 medical cases related to Hurricane Mitch between October 31 and November 18, 1998 ; 23 % of these cases were respiratory infections, followed by skin ailments, diarrhea, and conjunctivitis.
Hungarian agriculture is virtually self-sufficient and due to traditional reasons export-oriented: exports related to agriculture make up 20-25 % of the total.
The principal quantum number in hydrogen is related to the atom's total energy.
The total quantity of bits is related to the total degrees of freedom of matter / energy.
An object's momentum is directly related to the object's mass and velocity, and the total momentum of all objects in a closed system ( one not affected by external forces ) does not change with time, as described by the law of conservation of momentum.
In total this means that he paid $ 1. 1 billion for all lawsuits related to his actions while working at Drexel.
Large amounts may increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke ( see below ): Lower amounts are not related to this risk ; 3 grams of total EPA / DHA daily are generally recognized as safe ( GRAS ) with no increased risk of bleeding involved and many studies used substantially higher doses without major side effects ( for example: 4. 4 grams EPA / 2. 2 grams DHA in 2003 study ).
The total complement of proteins present at a time in a cell or cell type is known as its proteome, and the study of such large-scale data sets defines the field of proteomics, named by analogy to the related field of genomics.
Statistics is closely related to probability theory, with which it is often grouped ; the difference is roughly that in probability theory, one starts from the given parameters of a total population to deduce probabilities pertaining to samples, but statistical inference moves in the opposite direction, inductive inference from samples to the parameters of a larger or total population.
Some articles published before 1977 used the term signal transmission or sensory transduction for signal transduction: a total of 48, 377 scientific papers related to signal transduction were published in 1977, of which 11, 211 were reviews of other papers.
In 2007, Lockheed Martin was awarded a total of $ 848 million in contracts to perform this and related work, which also includes upgrading the missiles ' reentry systems.
# Since usability is related to the specific set of users, such a small sample size is unlikely to be representative of the total population so the data from such a small sample is more likely to reflect the sample group than the population they may represent
The significance of the virial theorem is that it allows the average total kinetic energy to be calculated even for very complicated systems that defy an exact solution, such as those considered in statistical mechanics ; this average total kinetic energy is related to the temperature of the system by the equipartition theorem.
Greece Included in total are 11, 000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds The Soviet demographer Boris Urlanis estimated total military dead of 26, 000 including 15, 000 deaths due to disease Jean Bujac in a campaign history of the Greek Army in World War I listed 8, 365 combat related deaths and 3, 255 missing Other estimates of Greek casualties are as follows: By UK War Office in 1922: Killed / died wounds 5, 000 ; prisoners and missing 1, 000.
In 2010, the total volume of plastics, elastomers, and rubbers produced from alkenes with these and related ( especially Phillips ) catalysts worldwide exceeds 100 million metric tons.

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