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Page "Labor theory of value" ¶ 42
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transformation and problem
But his concentration on personalities and his categorical assessment of their actions fail to convey the political complexities of a long generation harassed by world-wide war and confronted with the problem of adjustment to an unprecedented industrial and social transformation.
While the perspective is compatible with Jamesian pragmatism ( above ), the notion of the transformation of embodied concepts through structural mapping makes a distinct contribution to the problem of concept formation.
The demonstration of the relation between commodities ' unit values and their respective prices is known in Marxian terminology as the transformation problem or the transformation of values into prices of production.
The problem with transformation is to find an algorithm where the magnitude of value added by labor, in proportion to its duration and intensity, is sufficiently accounted for after this value is distributed through prices that reflect an equal rate of return on capital advanced.
* Reduction ( complexity ), a transformation of one problem into another problem
* Since NP-complete problems transform to each other by polynomial-time many-one reduction ( also called polynomial transformation ), all NP-complete problems can be solved in polynomial time by a reduction to H, thus all problems in NP reduce to H ; note, however, that this involves combining two different transformations: from NP-complete decision problems to NP-complete problem L by polynomial transformation, and from L to H by polynomial Turing reduction ;
A solution to the problem of interpretation consists in providing some form of plausible picture, by resolving the second kind of transformation.
Another complication was caused by a problem that Copernicus never solved: correctly accounting for the motion of the Earth in the coordinate transformation.
Bortkiewicz identified a transformation problem in Marx's work.
This value does not relate to price in a simple manner, and the difficulty of the conversion of the mass of values into the actual prices is known as the transformation problem.
The perception that there is a transformation problem in Marx stems from the injection of Walrasian equilibrium theory into Marxism where there is no such thing as equilibrium.
In 20th-century discussions of Karl Marx's economics the transformation problem is the problem of finding a general rule to transform the " values " of commodities ( based on socially necessary labour content according to his labour theory of value ) into the " competitive prices " of the marketplace.
Marx outlined the transformation problem as a theoretical solution to this discrepancy.
As it will now be seen, this general lack of any functional relationship from to — of which Ricardo had been particularly well aware — is at the heart of Marx's transformation problem.
Due to the influence of Marx's particular definition of value on the transformation problem, he is quoted at length where he argues as follows:
This refutation leads to what later became known as the transformation problem.
Edwin T. Jaynes introduced the principle of transformation groups, which can yield an epistemic probability distribution for this problem.
Through this transformation the structure of the solution that eliminates the shortcomings of the initial problem is revealed.
In physics, Wick rotation, named after Gian-Carlo Wick, is a method of finding a solution to a mathematical problem in Minkowski space from a solution to a related problem in Euclidean space by means of a transformation that substitutes an imaginary-number variable for a real-number variable.

transformation and has
For lawyers, reflecting perhaps their parochial preferences, there has been a special fascination since then in the role played by the Supreme Court in that transformation -- the manner in which its decisions altered in `` the switch in time that saved nine '', President Roosevelt's ill-starred but in effect victorious `` Court-packing plan '', the imprimatur of judicial approval that was finally placed upon social legislation.
When the policy has been chosen, the state of the product can be obtained from the state of the feed by repeated application of the transformation ( 1 ) ; ;
The whole role, by the way, is a considerable transformation for anyone who has seen Seigner in his other parts.
Among others, John Heath has observed, " The unalterable kernel of the tale was a hunter's transformation into a deer and his death in the jaws of his hunting dogs.
Although the transformation was not instantaneous, baseball has since become fully integrated.
This has been shown in experiments where the pilus are allowed to make contact, but then are denatured with SDS and yet DNA transformation still proceeds.
Nine years after Emperor Paul Muad ' dib walked into the desert, blind, the ecological transformation of Dune has reached the point where some Fremen are living without stillsuits in the less arid climate and have started to move out of the Sietches and into the villages and cities.
The determinant provides important information when the matrix is that of the coefficients of a system of linear equations, or when it corresponds to a linear transformation of a vector space: in the first case the system has a unique solution if and only if the determinant is nonzero, while in the second case that same condition means that the transformation has an inverse operation.
It rapidly came into widespread international use by multiple stakeholders and has been termed a revolution or transformation in psychiatry.
A type of secular Buddhism has arisen in the west that proposes a lived universal dharma, a transformation that can emerge from mindfulness-based clinical programs.
As the Starchild's transformation of Jupiter occurs ( it becomes engulfed with monoliths ), the crew of the Leonov make good their exit, and Bowman gives one last message via HAL, warning the human race not to attempt future contact with Europa, where the new mini-sun has melted the oceans and ushered in a new era of evolution.
Dimona has taken part of Israel's solar transformation.
:" It is my conviction that intentional phenomenology has for the first time made spirit as spirit the field of systematic scientific experience, thus effecting a total transformation of the task of knowledge.
In his review on July 12, 1976, Canby said, " Godzilla vs. Megalon completes the canonization of Godzilla ... It's been a remarkable transformation of character-the dragon has become St.
In the plane, a Helmert transformation has four parameters ; in space, seven.
* Gene therapy also plays a major role in the plot of the James Bond movie Die Another Day, where a scientist has developed a means of altering peoples ' entire appearances through the use of DNA samples acquired from others-generally homeless people that would not be missed-that are subsequently injected into the bone marrow, the resulting transformation apparently depriving the subjects of the ability to sleep.
The transformation of an inflationary development into the hyperinflation has to be identified as a very complex phenomenon, which could be a further advanced research avenue of the complexity economics in conjunction with research areas like mass hysteria, bandwagon effect, social brain and mirror neurons.
Since one cannot logically consider these subjects to be both " at the same moment " and " away in time ", an exclusive choice has to be made that defines these two separate domains, B and C. Our reality or domain B is created by the complex, but consistent transformation of A by our biological and mental makeup.
" It is for this reason that it has been suggested that in order to understand American individualist anarchism one must take into account " the social context of their ideas, namely the transformation of America from a pre-capitalist to a capitalist society ... the non-capitalist nature of the early U. S. can be seen from the early dominance of self-employment ( artisan and peasant production ).
On several more recent occasions, Iceman has also undergone another transformation due to his defeat in battle, or by extreme circumstances involving heat.
Although alteration or transformation of jazz by new influences has often been initially criticized as a “ debasement ,” Andrew Gilbert argues that jazz has the “ ability to absorb and transform influences ” from diverse musical styles.

transformation and probably
He probably represents an ancestral king, and seems to be referred to as Chac Xib Together with the skeletal Death God ( God A ), Chaac also appears to preside over an initiate's ritual transformation into a jaguar.
This absence persisted through most of the Thematic period, until the cataphracts reappeared in Emperor Leo VI's Sylloge Taktikon, probably reflecting a revival that paralleled the transformation of the Byzantine army from a largely defensive force into a largely offensive force.
Almost every culture around the world has some type of transformation myth, and almost every commonly found animal ( and some not-so-common ones ) probably has a shapeshifting myth attached to them.
Legionary cavalry also probably underwent a transformation during this period, from the light, unarmoured horsemen of the early period to the Greek-style armoured cuirassiers described by Polybius.
Its proximity to the Haight-Ashbury District probably helped with the stadium's transformation to a concert venue.
However, the transformation of the Ajax was " probably the industry's first example of one car becoming another .".
According to the backstory presented at that time, Pearl killed Dr. Forrester ( after he had re-attained adulthood following his transformation into a 2001-esque Space Baby ), then vowed to " avenge his death " by continuing his experiments on Mike and the Bots ; she had herself cryogenically frozen until the year 2525 ( probably a reference to the 1960s song " In the Year 2525 ") and became the leader of the Planet of the Apes-like apes who now dominated Earth, at which point she ( apparently ) somehow drew the Satellite of Love's crew back to the ship so that she could send them bad movies.
The transformation that turned Newbury Street into a trendy shopping district for young people probably began in the 1970s with the opening of the original Newbury Comics.
Worldwide, EMU is probably best known for its Center for Justice and Peacebuilding ( CJP ), especially its graduate program in conflict transformation.
This transformation and ibn Said's contemporary evidence both suggest that the power of the Zaghawa was broken, probably in the reign of Kanem's ruler Dunama Dibalami ( c. 1210-1248 ).
In fact the roots of the transformation probably date back to the appointment of Peter Mandelson as the party's communication director in 1985, but under Blair ( and Sawyer ) rapidly accelerated.
The transformation to family shopping mall is probably the recipe for its success.

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