He proposed that each element consists of atoms of a single, unique type, and that these atoms can join together to form chemical compounds.

* Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, a type of organic chemical reaction

These energy levels depend on the type of atom and the chemical environment in which the atom was located.

* Chemical affinity, the willingness of two or more elements or compounds to form a chemical or attractive bond of some type

A chemical element is specifically a substance which is composed of a single type of atom.

A chemical element is a pure chemical substance consisting of one type of atom distinguished by its atomic number, which is the number of protons in its nucleus.

Each type of manure has its own physical, chemical, and biological characteristics.

Early speculations into the nature of the chemical bond, from as early as the 12th century, supposed that certain types of chemical species were joined by a type of chemical affinity.

In molecular formulas the chemical bonds ( binding orbitals ) between atoms are indicated by various methods according to the type of discussion.

: General chemical structure of one type of condensation polymer

Non-spontaneous reactions run so slowly that they are considered to require the input of some type of additional energy ( such as extra heat, light or electricity ) in order to proceed to completion ( chemical equilibrium ) at human time scales.

Carbides can be generally classified by chemical bonding type as follows: ( i ) salt-like, ( ii ) covalent compounds, ( iii ) interstitial compounds, and ( iv ) " intermediate " transition metal carbides.

An explosion is a type of spontaneous chemical reaction that, once initiated, is driven by both a large exothermic change ( great release of heat ) and a large positive entropy change ( great quantities of gases are released ) in going from reactants to products, thereby constituting a thermodynamically favorable process in addition to one that propagates very rapidly.

Ships by type: chemical tanker 2, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll-on / roll-off 1, specialized tanker 1 ( 1999 est.

Scottish inventor Alexander Bain worked on chemical mechanical fax type devices and in 1846 was able to reproduce graphic signs in laboratory experiments.

In addition to this pure hydrogen type, there are hydrocarbon fuels for fuel cells, including diesel, methanol ( see: direct-methanol fuel cells and indirect methanol fuel cells ) and chemical hydrides.

ships by type: bulk carrier 2, cargo ship 181, chemical tanker 12, container ship 239, Liquified Gas Carrier 2, multi-functional large load carrier 5, passenger ship 2, petroleum tanker 8, rail car carrier 2, refrigerated cargo 2, roll-on / roll-off ship 13, short-sea passenger 7 ( 1999 est.

** Ionic bond, a type of chemical bond involving ions

An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond formed through an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions.

by type: bulk 59, cargo 100, chemical tanker 38, container 66, liquefied gas 25, livestock carrier 1, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 56, roll on / roll off 5, vehicle carrier 8

This type of reaction occurs, for example, in redox and acid-base reactions.

These reactions can be distinguished by the type of substituting species into a nucleophilic, electrophilic or radical substitution.

Similar to the substitution reactions, there are several types of additions distinguished by the type of the attacking particle.

The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid ( a type of tricarboxylic acid ) that is first consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle.

In the case of neutral-neutral reactions ( i. e., not involving any charged species, ions ), these type of barrier-free reactions usually involve free radical species such as molecular oxygen ( O2 ), the cyanide radical ( CN ) or the hydroxyl radical ( OH ).

An allergen associated with this type of reaction is peanut, although latex products can induce similar reactions.

Immediate antibody-mediated allergic reactions ( wheals ) have been elicited in infected persons, but not in healthy persons ; immediate hypersensitivity of this type is thought to explain the observed far more rapid allergic skin response to reinfection seen in persons having been previously infected ( especially having been infected within the previous year or two ).

There are both immediate hypersensitivity reactions ( types I and III ) and delayed hypersensitivity reactions ( type IV ) to mosquito bites.

It is possible with this type of calorimeter to do reactions at reflux, although the accuracy is not as good.

Allergic reactions are distinctive because of excessive activation of certain white blood cells called mast cells and basophils by a type of antibody called Immunoglobulin E ( IgE ).

The type of hydrogen burning process that dominates inside a star is determined by the temperature dependency differences between the two reactions.

Another approach to organic reactions is by type of organic reagent, many of them inorganic, required in a specific transformation.

Adverse reactions are generally similar in severity and type to that seen in chloroquine treatment.

In general, gas phase reactions and solution phase reactions of this type follow the same trends, even though in the first, solvent effects are eliminated.

The reaction equation for elementary reactions coincides with the process taking place at the atomic level, i. e. n molecules of type A colliding with m molecules of type B ( n plus m is the molecularity ).

A new type of shoot ' em up emerged in the early 1990s: variously termed " bullet hell ", " manic shooters " and " maniac shooters ", these games required the player to dodge overwhelming numbers of enemy projectiles and called for still faster reactions from players.

The specific reactions vary with the type of catalyst installed.

Hay fever sufferers may show signs of Oral allergy syndrome or OAS, which is a type of food allergy classified by a cluster of allergic reactions in the mouth in response to eating certain ( usually fresh ) fruits, nuts, and vegetables that typically develops in adult hay fever sufferers.

In type I hypersensitivity allergic reactions, an allergen ( a type of antigen ) interacts with and cross-links surface IgE antibodies on mast cells and basophils.

The two main types of dualism are substance dualism ( which holds that the mind is formed of a distinct type of substance not governed by the laws of physics ) and property dualism ( which holds that the laws of physics are universally valid but cannot be used to explain the mind ).

The resulting hard substance, called ' clinker ', is then ground with a small amount of gypsum into a powder to make ' Ordinary Portland Cement ', the most commonly used type of cement ( often referred to as OPC ).

Another type of loaded die is hollow with a small weight and a semi-solid substance inside whose melting point is just lower than the temperature of the human body, allowing the cheater to change the loading of the die by applying body heat, causing the semi-solid to melt and the weight to drift down, making the chosen opposite face more likely to land up.

* Chemical element, a pure substance consisting of one type of atom

L Explosive substance or article containing an explosive substance and presenting a special risk ( e. g., due to water-activation or presence of hypergolic liquids, phosphides, or pyrophoric substances ) needing isolation of each type ( 1. 1L, 1. 2L, 1. 3L ).

The electrolyte substance usually defines the type of fuel cell.

A very important type of glial cell ( oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system, and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system ) generates layers of a fatty substance called myelin that wraps around axons and provides electrical insulation which allows them to transmit action potentials much more rapidly and efficiently.

Cartilage is composed of specialized cells called chondrocytes that produce a large amount of extracellular matrix composed of Type II collagen ( except Fibrocartilage which also contains type I collagen ) fibers, abundant ground substance rich in proteoglycan, and elastin fibers.

The energy and the type of the ionizing radiation emitted by a radioactive substance are also important factors in determining its threat to humans.

In this type of bioassay, response of the test substance taken first and the observed response is tried to match with the standard response.

* any type of money that has face value greater than its value as material substance.

and similar words are used to refer to any especially hard substance, whether composed of diamond, some other gemstone, or some type of metal.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ), is a popular format of a " wet-lab " type analytic biochemistry assay that uses one sub-type of heterogeneous, solid-phase enzyme immunoassay ( EIA ) to detect the presence of a substance, usually an antigen, in a liquid sample or wet sample.

The Dutch didn't know of the existence of this type of ammunition, consisting of hollow brass balls filled with a flammable substance, so they were greatly surprised.

Substance dualism is a type of dualism most famously defended by Descartes, which states that there are two fundamental kinds of substance: mental and material.

This type of substance is now called a hormone, a term coined by Bayliss in 1905.

The inclusion of belladonna / datura type plants among the dozens of ingredients in the Haitian zombie drug is thought by some authorities to be at least somewhat likely, although scopolamine-bearing plant matter is almost certainly not the main active ingredient, which has been theorised to possibly be tetrodotoxin or a related substance.

Fibroblasts are the most common cell type in connective tissue ECM, in which they synthesize, maintain and provide a structural framework ; fibroblasts secrete the precursor components of the ECM, including the ground substance.

The latter is a magical bowl into which memories and thoughts can be placed and examined, and is a portmanteau of two words: pensive, meaning " musingly or dreamily thoughtful ," and sieve, a type of bowl with perforations through which fine particles of a substance ( such as flour ) may be passed to separate them from coarser ones.

New research from The University of Western Ontario has discovered a substance in tangerine skins that not only prevents obesity in mice, but also offers protection against type 2 diabetes, and even atherosclerosis, the underlying disease responsible for most heart attacks and strokes.