The underlying assumption, of course, is that only sight and touch enable us, in any precise and fully dependable way, to locate objects in space beyond us, the other senses being decidedly inferior, if not totally inadequate, in this regard.

Central to his behaviour in the later novels is the underlying assumption that particular crimes are only committed by particular types of people.

His General Introduction says " There are no ' verbs ' in Basic English ", with the underlying assumption that, as noun use in English is very straightforward but verb use / conjugation is not, the elimination of verbs would be a welcome simplification.

Most predictions of forestry related biodiversity loss are based on species-area models, with an underlying assumption that as the forest declines species diversity will decline similarly.

The surface / phonological distinction is only descriptive, and devoid of any etiological assumption as to the underlying brain mechanisms.

Cross-cultural psychiatrist Arthur Kleinman contends that the Western bias is ironically illustrated in the introduction of cultural factors to the DSM-IV: the fact that disorders or concepts from non-Western or non-mainstream cultures are described as " culture-bound ", whereas standard psychiatric diagnoses are given no cultural qualification whatsoever, is to Kleinman revelatory of an underlying assumption that Western cultural phenomena are universal.

In order to better understand the world of appearances and objects, phenomenology attempts to identify the invariant features of how objects are perceived and pushes attributions of reality into their role as an attribution about the things we perceive ( or an assumption underlying how we perceive objects ).

Thompson's underlying assumption is that of a country minimally committed to the rule of law and better governance.

This includes not only its selection of animal badges for Cub Scouts, but the underlying assumption that American native peoples are more closely connected with nature and therefore have special wilderness survival skills which can be used as part of the training program.

The basic assumption group describes the tacit underlying assumptions on which the behaviour of the group is based.

An underlying assumption of a brute-force attack is that the complete keyspace was used to generate keys, something that relies on an effective random number generator, and that there are no defects in the algorithm or its implementation.

If the computational Diffie – Hellman assumption holds in the underlying cyclic group, then the encryption function is one-way.

He questioned the underlying assumption that the Masoretic text must be more authentic simply because it has been more widely accepted as the authoritative Hebrew version of the Pentateuch:

When summarizing, Justice Brown declared, " We consider the underlying fallacy of the plaintiff's argument to consist in the assumption that the enforced separation of the two races stamps the colored race with a badge of inferiority.

Econometric forecasting methods use the assumption that it is possible to identify the underlying factors that might influence the variable that is being forecast.

It can be argued that Platonism somehow comes as a necessary assumption underlying any mathematical work.

The discrepancy between reality and the assumption underlying a levy system is growing as " web 2. 0 " matures, with pervasive user-supplied content, from Wikipedia to YouTube.

By contrast to the notion of civil tolerance, in early modern Europe the subjects were required to attend the state church ; This attitude can be described as territoriality or religious uniformity, and its underlying assumption is brought to a point by a statement of the Anglican theologian Richard Hooker: " There is not any man of the Church of England but the same man is also a member of the commonwealth ; nor any man a member of the commonwealth, which is not also of the Church of England.

With this basic assumption underlying their calculations, the valuations produced serve to reinforce gender inequalities rather than challenge women's subordination.

From a theoretical standpoint, the main assumption of the Kalman filter is that the underlying system is a linear dynamical system and that all error terms and measurements have a Gaussian distribution ( often a multivariate Gaussian distribution ).

Evolutionary algorithms often perform well approximating solutions to all types of problems because they ideally do not make any assumption about the underlying fitness landscape ; this generality is shown by successes in fields as diverse as engineering, art, biology, economics, marketing, genetics, operations research, robotics, social sciences, physics, politics and chemistry.

The two-sector surplus model, which was developed in the 1950s, has been further criticized for its underlying assumption that predominantly agrarian societies suffer from a surplus of labor.

The underlying assumption that there is a potential for increased collaboration between industry and universities is also underlined in much of the current innovation literature.

An underlying assumption of the Five Principles was that newly independent states after decolonization would be able to develop a new and more principled approach to international relations.

Some forecasting methods use the assumption that it is possible to identify the underlying factors that might influence the variable that is being forecast.

This collaborative technique builds greater insight into scope definitions, underlying assumptions, and consensus regarding the level of granularity required to manage the project.

Action research is an interactive inquiry process that balances problem solving actions implemented in a collaborative context with data-driven collaborative analysis or research to understand underlying causes enabling future predictions about personal and organizational change ( Reason & Bradbury, 2002 ).

The lenses work by filtering and focusing light on an underlying photoreceptor system.

The underlying neurochemistry involved has since been studied in detail, and subsequent antipsychotic drugs have been discovered by an approach that incorporates this sort of information.

A key aim was to base categorization on colloquial English descriptive language ( which would be easier to use by federal administrative offices ), rather than assumptions of etiology, although its categorical approach assumed each particular pattern of symptoms in a category reflected a particular underlying pathology ( an approach described as " neo-Kraepelinian ").

This " romantic " approach views form as a key element of successful poetry because form is abstract and distinct from the underlying notional logic.

The underlying idea is that close approach of an electron to the nucleus of the atom necessarily increases its kinetic energy, an application of the uncertainty principle of Heisenberg.

Techniques in this general tradition include: factor analysis, a method of determining the underlying dimensions of data ; multidimensional scaling, a method for finding a simple representation for data with a large number of latent dimensions ; and data clustering, an approach to finding objects that are like each other.

Syncretism may involve the merger and analogising of several originally discrete traditions, especially in the theology and mythology of religion, thus asserting an underlying unity and allowing for an inclusive approach to other faiths.

The feminist academic and author Sally R. Munt argues that American Beauty uses its " art house " trappings to direct its message of non-conformity primarily to the middle classes, and that this approach is a " cliché of bourgeois preoccupation ... the underlying premise being that the luxury of finding an individual ' self ' through denial and renunciation is always open to those wealthy enough to choose, and sly enough to present themselves sympathetically as a rebel.

The assumptions underlying the nativist view have also been subject to sustained criticism in Jeffrey Elman's Rethinking Innateness: A Connectionist Perspective on Development ( Neural Networks and Connectionist Modeling ), which defends the connectionist approach that Pinker has criticized.

Schrödinger, though, always opposed a statistical or probabilistic approach, with its associated discontinuities — much like Einstein, who believed that quantum mechanics was a statistical approximation to an underlying deterministic theory — and never reconciled with the Copenhagen interpretation.

Critics of this ethics-driven approach to language tend to accept that idioms reflect underlying conceptual metaphors, but that actual grammar, and the more basic cross-cultural concepts of scientific method and mathematical practice tend to minimize the impact of metaphors.

Business Process Improvement ( BPI ) is a systematic approach to help an organization optimize its underlying processes to achieve more efficient results.

Projects often take a " do-learn " approach, with the application of concepts being taught before the formal introduction of the underlying theory.

Another approach is to focus more fundamentally on the underlying motivation of buying and consuming so many resources for a good quality of life.

His hope was that the theory would lead to new insights and experiments that would lead ultimately to an acceptable one ; his aim was not to set out a deterministic, mechanical viewpoint, but rather to show that it was possible to attribute properties to an underlying reality, in contrast to the conventional approach to quantum mechanics.

The reasoning underlying this nutritional approach is that natural selection had sufficient time to genetically adapt the metabolism and physiology of Paleolithic humans to the varying dietary conditions of that era.

Such an approach is fuelled by the underlying belief that ' the capacity to bear loss wholeheartedly, without pushing the experience away, emerges ... as essential to being truly alive and engaged with the world '.

This approach may be most appropriate in subjects who have no significant underlying lung disease.

Yet another approach investigates how the pattern of errors produced by brain-damaged individuals can constrain our understanding of mental representations and processes without reference to the underlying neural structure.

More basic were differences in the underlying approach to Biblical interpretation.

Under the PBN approach, technologies are able to evolve over time ( ground beacons become satellites become ...) without requiring the underlying aircraft operation to be recalculated.

... most dramatic departure from what other pianists were then playing was his approach to the underlying pulse: he would charge against the metre of the piece being played, accent off-beats, introduce sudden stops and brief silences.

* To use the lattice based approach, the analyst constructs a " tree " of short rates consistent with today's yield curve and short rate ( caplet ) volatility, and where the final time step of the tree corresponds to the date of the underlying swap's maturity.

The underlying principles of the Soviet system of public education include a scientific approach to and continual improvement of education on the basis of the latest achievements in science, technology and culture ; a humanistic and highly moral orientation in education and upbringing ; and co-education of both sexes, secular education which excludes the influence of religion.