* In 2012, a new Division was formed the Laboratory Astrophysics Division ( LAD ) to advance our understanding of the Universe through the promotion of fundamental theoretical and experimental research into the underlying processes that drive the Universe.

Apple has used the name to refer to a number of underlying drive mechanisms ; as of December 2006, SuperDrives are combination DVD ± RW and CD-RW writer drives offering speeds of 8 – 24X and supporting the DVD ± R, DVD + R DL, DVD-R DL, DVD ± RW, DVD-9, CD-R, and CD-RW formats along with all normal read-only media.

Driving on the beach ( which is permitted in certain areas ) occasionally results the drivers of vehicles being caught unawares as they drive too close to the sea and break through the sand into the underlying mud and are then stuck.

These papers remained ambiguous on the fundamental concepts underlying his theory of the field drive, likely due to the necessity to complete the calculations on the extra fields of his field theory.

The ironic constructions following from the conflict between the ' young ' protagonist ( who is never named ) and the ' old ' drive much of the underlying points of the novella, namely the nature of wisdom, experience and maturity.

The points of the underlying space include analogues of the generic points ( in the sense of Zariski, not that of André Weil ), which specialise to ordinary-sense points.

There, at a distance of from the LM, Young and Duke sampled material from the vicinity of Flag Crater, which scientists believed penetrated through the upper regolith layer to the underlying Cayley Formation.

Specifically, at speeds of OC-3 and above, the cost of segmentation and reassembly ( SAR ) hardware makes ATM less competitive for IP than Packet Over SONET ( POS ); because of its fixed 48-byte cell payload, ATM is not suitable as a data link layer directly underlying IP ( without the need for SAR at the data link level ) since the OSI layer on which IP operates must provide a maximum transmission unit ( MTU ) of at least 576 bytes.

Atomic absorption spectrometry was first used as an analytical technique, and the underlying principles were established in the second half of the 19th century by Robert Wilhelm Bunsen and Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, both professors at the University of Heidelberg, Germany.

An ETF may trade at a premium or discount to the value of the underlying assets.

Eventually what he'd be left with is something similar to a call option on the underlying stock, acquired at a very low price.

Replacement grips have an adhesive backing, whereas overgrips have only a small patch of adhesive at the start of the tape and must be applied under tension ; overgrips are more convenient for players who change grips frequently, because they may be removed more rapidly without damaging the underlying material.

These range from simplified forms of the first-principles equations that are easier or faster to solve, to approximations limiting the size of the system ( for example, periodic boundary conditions ), to fundamental approximations to the underlying equations that are required to achieve any solution to them at all.

Modern citizenship has often been looked at as two competing underlying ideas:

The underlying philosophy was that such integration would provide higher performance at lower cost.

Such higher arity relationships provide information on all of the underlying domains at the same time, with none of them being privileged above the others.

Therefore, a high heat treatment could remove the visual evidence of patterning associated with carbides but did not remove the underlying patterning of the carbide forming elements ; a subsequent lower-temperature heat treatment, at a temperature at which the carbides were again stable, could recover the structure by the binding of carbon by those elements.

The buyer of a Call option has a right to buy a certain quantity of the underlying asset, at a specified price on or before a given date in the future, he however has no obligation whatsoever to carry out this right.

Similarly, the buyer of a Put option has the right to sell a certain quantity of an underlying asset, at a specified price on or before a given date in the future, he however has no obligation whatsoever to carry out this right.

Vincenzo, through his tuning research, found the underlying truth at the heart of the misunderstood myth of ' Pythagoras ' hammers ' ( the square of the numbers concerned yielded those musical intervals, not the actual numbers, as believed ), and through this and other discoveries that demonstrated the fallibility of traditional authorities, a radically empirical attitude developed, passed on to Galileo, which regarded " experience and demonstration " as the sine qua non of valid rational enquiry.

From the back left of the painting you can see the artist himself looking out at the viewer, and the painting behind the family depicts Lot and his daughters, thus once again echoing the underlying message of corruption and gat.

There are two known Iron Age sites-a promontory fort at Landberg and the foundations of a house underlying an early Christian settlement at Kirkigeo.

* Securities derivatives, such as options or futures, where the value of the derivative is dependent on the value of the underlying asset at a specific point in time ( typically the derivative's associated expiration date )

* a layer derived from earlier source materials, almost certainly transmitted to the vernacular author / translator in Latin ; and comprising, at the least, those extensive passages in the Gospel of Barnabas that closely parallel pericopes in the canonical gospels ; but whose underlying text appears markedly distinct from that of the late medieval Latin Vulgate ( as for instance in the alternative version of the Lord's Prayer in chapter 37, which includes a concluding doxology, contrary to the Vulgate text, but in accordance with the Diatessaron and many other early variant traditions );

Other verbs ( such as ' look at ', ' wash the dishes ', ' yell ', ' flirt ') are inflected into the unrealized inceptive aspect similarly: the hands used in the base sign move in an arc from in front of the trunk to the initial posture of the underlying verb sign while inhaling, dropping the jaw, and directing eye gaze toward the verb's object ( if any ), but subsequent movements and postures are dropped as the posture and breath are held.

The philosophy of human rights attempts to examine the underlying basis of the concept of human rights and critically looks at its content and justification.

* The Shulchan Aruch HaRav of Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi ( c. 1800 ) was an attempt to recodify the law as it stood at that time — incorporating commentaries on the Shulchan Aruch, and subsequent responsa — and thus stating the decided halakha, as well as the underlying reasoning.

There are at least two levels of representation: underlying representation and surface phonetic representation.

On the other hand, the scholars invoking Gödel's Theorem appear, at least in some cases, to be referring not to the underlying rules, but to the understandability of the behavior of all physical systems, as when Hawking mentions arranging blocks into rectangles, turning the computation of prime numbers into a physical question.

There are several ways to modify this idea to make it work ; for example, one can restrict the compact Hausdorff spaces C to have underlying set P ( P ( X )) ( the power set of the power set of X ), which is sufficiently large that it has cardinality at least equal to that of every compact Hausdorff set to which X can be mapped with dense image.

Though, as mentioned above, even if the underlying cause is not alcohol-related, consumption should still be avoided for at least six months as this can cause further damage to the pancreas during the recovery process.

This is also wrong, at least as a formal statement, since it presuming some underlying model of set theory.

This theory is also subject to circular reasoning as it incorporates, at least in part, deprivation theory and relies upon it, and social / structural strain for the underlying motivation of social movement activism.

Ritz's pre-quantum 1908 explanation for the mechanism underlying the spectral series was that atomic electrons behaved like magnets and that the magnets could vibrate with respect to the atomic nucleus ( at least temporarily ) to produce electromagnetic radiation, but this theory was superseded in 1913 by Niels Bohr's model of the atom.

In finance, an equity derivative is a class of derivatives whose value is at least partly derived from one or more underlying equity securities.

Table " S " on p. 31 ) follows Jerne and Popper in seeing this strategy as probably underlying all knowledge-gathering systems — at least in their initial phase.

It is very probable that there is a genetic basis underlying the phenomenon ( young birds whose bills are still straight will give a cone-opening behavior if their bills are gently pressed, and the crossing develops before the birds are fledged and feeding independently ), but at least in the Red Crossbill ( the only species which has been somewhat thoroughly researched regarding this question ) there is no straightforward mechanism of heritability.

In words, the failure of some theory implies the failure of at least one of its underlying hypotheses.

Non-penetration wreck diving is the least hazardous form of wreck diving, although divers still need to be aware of the entanglement risks presented by fishing nets and fishing lines which may be snagged to the wreck ( wrecks are often popular fishing sites ), and the underlying terrain may present greater risk of sharp edges.

From the underlying idea of partially specified results as representing incomplete knowledge, one derives another desirable property: the existence of a least element.

One mechanism underlying butyrate function in suppression of colonic inflammation is inhibition of the IFN-γ / STAT1 signaling pathways at least partially through acting as a histone deacetylase ( HDAC ) inhibitor.

) This was so successful that application software and operating system software above the LIC layer that were compiled on the original S / 38 run without modification and without recompilation on the latest AS / 400 systems, despite the fact that the underlying hardware has been changed dramatically ; at least three different types of processors have been in use.

In the underlying chromosomal polymorphism, the standard ( ZAL2 ) and alternative ( ZAL2m ) arrangements differ by a pair of included pericentric inversions at least.

There is no single cause for this cognitive bias ; the availability heuristic, self-serving bias and naïve realism have been suggested as at least partial underlying factors.

In regression analysis, the term " standard error " is also used in the phrase standard error of the regression to mean the ordinary least squares estimate of the standard deviation of the underlying errors.

A regular registry PaintIn addition to bloodlines, to be eligible for the Regular Registry of the American Paint Horse Association ( APHA ), the horse must also exhibit a " natural paint marking ", meaning either a predominant hair coat color with at least one contrasting area of solid white hair of the required size with some underlying unpigmented skin present on the horse at the time of its birth.

Or, in the case of a predominantly white hair coat, at least one contrasting area of the required size of colored hair with some underlying pigmented skin present on the horse.

The experience of union varies, but it is first and foremost always associated with a reuniting with Divine love, the underlying theme being that God, the perfect goodness, is known or experienced at least as much by the heart as by the intellect since, in the words 1 John 4: 16: " God is love, and he who abides in love abides in God and God in him.

The spontaneous symmetry breaking of the underlying local symmetry triggers conversion of components of this Higgs field to Goldstone bosons which interact with ( at least some of ) the other fields in the theory, so as to produce mass terms for ( at least some of ) the gauge bosons.