Reading development involves a range of complex language underpinnings including awareness of speech sounds ( phonology ), spelling patterns ( orthography ), word meaning ( semantics ), grammar ( syntax ) and patterns of word formation ( morphology ), all of which provide a necessary platform for reading fluency and comprehension.

Notwithstanding these facts, " Origen is not the originator of the idea of biblical canon, but he certainly gives the philosophical and literary-interpretative underpinnings for the whole notion.

Beginning with his first seminal work of 1941, Escape from Freedom ( known in Britain as Fear of Freedom ), Fromm's writings were notable as much for their social and political commentary as for their philosophical and psychological underpinnings.

Historically, support for modern multiculturalism stems from the changes in Western societies after World War II, in what Susanne Wessendorf calls the " human rights revolution ", in which the horrors of institutionalized racism and ethnic cleansing became almost impossible to ignore in the wake of the Holocaust ; with the collapse of the European colonial system, as colonized nations in Africa and Asia successfully fought for their independence and pointed out the racist underpinnings of the colonial system ; and, in the United States in particular, with the rise of the Civil Rights Movement, which criticized ideals of assimilation that often led to prejudices against those who did not act according to Anglo-American standards and which led to the development of academic ethnic studies programs as a way to counteract the neglect of contributions by racial minorities in classrooms.

Because of the increasing popularity of NLP, scientific researchers began testing its theoretical underpinnings empirically, many of them showing a lack of empirical support for NLP's essential theories.

Naturopathy is criticized for its reliance on and its association with unproven, disproven, and other controversial alternative medical treatments, and for its vitalistic underpinnings.

* Evidence from cognitive neuroscience for the neural underpinnings of conceptual metaphors is discussed in Tim Rohrer's Understanding through the Body: fMRI and of ERP studies of metaphoric and literal language ".

The denomination of which Chitwood was a part received much criticism for its intrusive practices and was characterized as a cult, but in contrast to Chitwood's fundamentalist underpinnings, the Orthodox monastery has created an ironic cultural juxtaposition.

Orthodox Lutherans rejected this viewpoint as a gross simplification, stressing the need for the church and for sound theological underpinnings.

Since the Company operated under financial constraints, it had to set up political underpinnings for its rule.

Current efforts to explain the theoretical underpinnings for observed neutrino masses are being developed in the context of supersymmetric flipped SU ( 5 ).

" This document " contains both separate Jewish perspectives and Christian perspectives concerning mutual communication and cooperation as well as a joint view of a common religious basis for Jews and Christians to work together for a better world .... These considerations are not ' the ' official theological, philosophical nor ideological underpinnings of the ICCJ and its member organisations, but are an invitation to consider what our work is all about.

This view, sometimes called the Phillips school of slavery historiography, was considered an authoritative source on the history of American slavery during the first half of the twentieth century, despite the intense criticism by some African-American scholars for its alleged racist underpinnings.

" Analyst Kenneth Cauthen in his 1987 book The Passion for Equality suggested that there were moral underpinnings for having equal outcomes because there is a common good –– which people both contribute to and receive benefits from –– and therefore should be enjoyed in common ; Cauthen argued that this was a fundamental basis for both equality of opportunity as well as equality of outcome.

Though these theories of memory formation are now well established, they were farsighted for their time: late 19th and early 20th century neuroscientists and psychologists were not equipped with the neurophysiological techniques necessary for elucidating the biological underpinnings of learning in animals.

A new front-wheel drive car was introduced on 26 August 1981, again using the same underpinnings as the Opel Ascona-this time the Ascona C. On its launch, it offered class-leading levels of fuel economy and performance which had previously been unthinkable for this sector of car.

The first part of the book presents an overview of the theological-juridical underpinnings of apostasy in Islam based upon the Qur ’ an, the hadiths and written opinions from classical schools of Islamic jurisprudence as well as contemporary written pronouncements of Islamic jurists.

Comics critic R. C. Harvey argued that Spiegelman's animal metaphor threatened " to erode moral underpinnings ", and played " directly into Nazis ' racist vision ".

He seeks out the ethical underpinnings of the stories, believing that they were not included in the text for purely historical reasons, but rather for their moral message.

For they were the ideological underpinnings of a struggle renounced at Oslo.

Beta elements were seen as cognate to the underpinnings of the " basic assumptions " identified in his work with groups: " the fundamental anxieties that underlie the basic assumption group resistances were originally thought of as proto-mental phenomena ... forerunners of Bion's later concept of beta-elements.

The theoretical underpinnings of Moniz's avant garde psychosurgery were largely commensurate with the nineteenth century ones that formed the basis of Burckhardt's theories before him.

These principles were put forth as fundamental underpinnings inherent in the " acceptance and practice of Judaism.

The old economic underpinnings were gone and nothing new seemed to be on the horizon.

For 1961, the bodywork was redone again, although the underpinnings were the same as in 1960.

During this period, some of the underpinnings of an independent nation-state arose: The national language Hebrew was revived ; newspapers and literature written in Hebrew published ; political parties and workers organizations were established.

Underneath the new look were the underpinnings of 1965.

54 of these coupés were built, but proved hard to sell-the stylish bodywork couldn't quite hide the thirties ' underpinnings, and the rough engine offered little elasticity nor longevity.

Both the light weight and the front wheel drive lay-out were determined by the car's Panhard underpinnings.

Rather than engineer a completely new chassis for the Premier the then-new Renault 25's monocoque underpinnings were used as a basis and adapted for the new product.

There were practical underpinnings to these powers, for it was the same people who the monarch had to rely on to collect and remit taxes on a large scale ( i. e. the landed gentry ) that elected representatives to Parliament at this time.

The major underpinnings of the style were in place by 1900 or a bit before, when New Orleans, Louisiana produced musicians like Buddy Bolden, Jelly Roll Morton and Kid Ory.

The underpinnings were somewhat less exotic than the all-enveloping bodywork: the chassis and running gear were based on that of the 1949 Austin Hampshire saloon, and that in turn had been based on the entry-level Austin A40 Devon of 1947.

The underpinnings of the Málaga were indeed based upon those of the SEAT Ronda, a restyled version of the SEAT Ritmo which in its turn was a rebadged version of the Fiat Ritmo.

The first group consisted of Alan Turing, Alonzo Church and Otto Von Newman, who were working to develop computing machines and the mathematical underpinnings of computer science.

Entirely dependent on fossil fuels to operate, the major underpinnings of Cuban society — its transportation, industrial and agricultural systems — were paralyzed.

Typically, it overrules constitutional decisions only when their doctrinal underpinnings have eroded, and the majority justices found, in 2000, both that it had intended Miranda as an interpretation of the Constitution, and that " If anything, our subsequent cases have reduced the impact of the Miranda rule on legitimate law enforcement while reaffirming the decision's core ruling that unwarned statements may not be used as evidence in the prosecution's case in chief.

While fierce in his condemnation of all inequality and oppression and an ardent supporter of those who genuinely fight for their liberation, he sought to understand the dynamic underpinnings of society which give rise to inequality and oppression.

Theoretical underpinnings aside, personal debt is on the rise, particularly in the United States and the United Kingdom.

His expertise was on the rise of new religious movements, cults and sects exploring the dynamics of that Unification Church community and its underpinnings.

" Lipit Ishtar and Ur Nammu both contain water provisions, pre-date Hammurabi by at least 250 years, and clearly provide the normative underpinnings on which the Hammurabi Code was constructed " http :// drezner. foreignpolicy. com / posts / 2011 / 05 / 19 / the_best_sentence_i_have_ever_read_in_a_dissertation_prospectus? wpisrc = obnetwork The Etruscans had a deep knowledge of hydrology and hydraulics, a knowledge which they put to good use in their many land drainage schemes.

Despite often sharing underpinnings with less-expensive Fords in more recent years, the Lincoln Continental had usually been a distinctively platformed and styled, highly equipped luxury car in the course of its long history.

Since Simpson's 1945 classification, the paleontological record has been recalibrated, and the intervening years have seen much debate and progress concerning the theoretical underpinnings of systematization itself, partly through the new concept of cladistics.