Grand Unification is reminiscent of the unification of electric and magnetic forces by Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism in the 19th century, but its physical implications and mathematical structure are qualitatively different.

On 17 June 1936 Hitler appointed Himmler as Chief of all German police and decreed the unification of all police forces.

Frick acquiesced, and on 17 June 1936 Hitler appointed Himmler as Chief of German Police and decreed the unification of all police forces.

As an approach to the unification of the forces, it is straightforward to apply the Kaluza – Klein theory in an attempt to unify gravity with the strong and electroweak forces by using the symmetry group of the Standard Model, SU ( 3 ) × SU ( 2 ) × U ( 1 ).

Current predictions state that at around 10 < sup > 14 </ sup > GeV the three aforementioned forces are fused into a single unified field, Beyond this " grand unification ," it is speculated that it may be possible to merge gravity with the other three gauge symmetries, expected to occur at roughly 10 < sup > 19 </ sup > GeV.

Gauge theory was formulated and quantized, leading to the unification of forces embodied in the standard model of particle physics.

For this reason, work on unification, for much of the twentieth century, focused on understanding the three " quantum " forces: electromagnetism and the weak and strong forces.

Electroweak unification is a broken symmetry: the electromagnetic and weak forces appear distinct at low energies because the particles carrying the weak force, the W and Z bosons, have non-zero masses of and, whereas the photon, which carries the electromagnetic force, is massless.

So far, the quest for a theory of everything is thus unsuccessful on two points: neither a unification of the strong and electroweak forces – which Laplace would have called ` contact forces ' – has been achieved, nor a unification of these forces with gravitation has been achieved.

The war was fought primarily by forces supporting the unification – the Spanish loyal to Philip V, France, and the Electorate of Bavaria, together known as the Two Crowns – against those opposing unification – the so-called Grand Alliance among the Spanish loyal to Archduke Charles, the Holy Roman Empire, Great Britain, the Dutch Republic, Portugal and the Duchy of Savoy.

* February 13 – Italian unification: The Siege of Gaeta, last stronghold of the Neapolitan King Francis II, is ended by Piedmontese forces.

Tang then invaded Silla in 674 but Silla drove the Tang forces out of the peninsula by 676 to achieve unification of most of the Korean peninsula.

Several years ago Stephen Hawking said that there was a fifty-fifty chance that an actual unification of the four fundamental forces – a Theory of Everything – would be achieved.

It also would have necessitated the stationing of substantial Imperial forces within these states ' borders, possibly compromising their ability to exercise the considerable autonomy the southern states were able to maintain in the unification treaty.

String theory addresses also another major open problem in fundamental physics besides quantum gravity: the problem of unification, namely understanding all known forces and particles as manifestations of a single entity.

They miscalculated however, and his son quickly pledged his allegiance to Chiang Kai-shek, turning his forces over to Kuomintang control and supported Chiang in his war of unification against other warlords such as Li Zongren, Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan.

Albert is therefore often seen as the father of the Prussian nation, and even as indirectly responsible for the unification of Germany.

In 1908 ( the affair is known under the name Bombaška afera ) the Serbian nationalists tried to kill the king of Montenegro, because they considered him as an obstacle to the unification of all the Serbs in one state.

A position known as " foundherentism ", advanced by Susan Haack, is meant to be a unification of foundationalism and coherentism.

This unification, which was observed by Michael Faraday, extended by James Clerk Maxwell, and partially reformulated by Oliver Heaviside and Heinrich Hertz, is one of the key accomplishments of 19th century mathematical physics.

Mathematically, the unification is accomplished under an SU ( 2 ) × U ( 1 ) gauge group.

Econometrics is the unification of economics, mathematics, and statistics.

Ba ' athism is a revolutionary Arab nationalist ideology that seeks the unification of all claimed Arab lands into a single Arab state.

The unification of two argument graphs is defined as the most general graph ( or the computation thereof ) that is consistent with ( i. e. contains all of the information in ) the inputs, if such a graph exists ; efficient unification algorithms are known.

For contraint frameworks which are strictly compositional, graph unification is the sufficient satisfiability and combination function.

The new particles predicted by models of grand unification cannot be observed directly at particle colliders because their masses are expected to be of the order of the so-called GUT scale, which is predicted to be just a few orders of magnitude below the Planck scale and thus far beyond the reach of currently foreseen collision experiments.

Due to this difficulty, and due to the lack of any observed effect of grand unification so far, there is no generally accepted GUT model.

Here, the unification of matter is even more complete, since the irreducible spinor representation 16 contains both the and 10 of SU ( 5 ) and a right-handed neutrino, and thus the complete particle content of one generation of the extended standard model with neutrino masses.

This is already the largest simple group which achieves the unification of matter in a scheme involving only the already known matter particles ( apart from the Higgs sector ).

The renormalization group running of the three gauge couplings in the Standard Model has been found to nearly, but not quite, meet at the same point if the hypercharge is normalized so that it is consistent with SU ( 5 ) or SO ( 10 ) GUTs, which are precisely the GUT groups which lead to a simple fermion unification.

Moreover, since we have no idea which Higgs particle has been observed, the smaller electroweak unification is still pending.

This interesting numerical observation is called the gauge coupling unification, and it works particularly well if one assumes the existence of superpartners of the Standard Model particles.

The German Empire () is the common name given to the state officially named the ( literally: " German Realm "), designating Germany from the unification of Germany and proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became a federal republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of the Emperor, Wilhelm II.

The dynastic union of the crowns of the Kingdom of Castile and the Kingdom of Aragon in 1492 is seen frequently as the starting pont of the unification of the modern kingdom of Spain.

For about the next 10 years, the country saw a steady process of secular Westernization through Atatürk's Reforms, which included the unification of education ; the discontinuation of religious and other titles ; the closure of Islamic courts and the replacement of Islamic canon law with a secular civil code modeled after Switzerland's and a penal code modeled after the Italian Penal Code ; recognition of the equality between the sexes and the granting of full political rights to women on 5 December 1934 ; the language reform initiated by the newly founded Turkish Language Association ; replacement of the Ottoman Turkish alphabet with the new Turkish alphabet derived from the Latin alphabet ; the dress law ( the wearing of a fez, is outlawed ); the law on family names ; and many others.

During the unification of Germany, the term Großdeutschland ( or greater Germany ) referred to a possible German nation consisting of the states that later comprised the Second German Empire and Austria ; the term lesser Germany, or small Germany, or Kleindeutschland, referred to a possible German state without Austria.

He worked to restore the West German economy from the destruction in World War II to a central position in Europe, rebuilt its army and came to terms with France, helped make possible Western European unification, opposed rival East Germany, and made his nation a member of NATO and a firm ally of the United States.

Grand unification would imply the existence of an electronuclear force ; it is expected to set in at energies of the order of 10 < sup > 16 </ sup > GeV, far greater than could be reached by any possible Earth-based particle accelerator.

The War of the Spanish Succession ( 1701 – 1714 ) was fought among several European powers, including a divided Spain, over the feared possible unification of the Kingdoms of Spain and France under one Bourbon monarch.

In 1847 he moved again to London, where he wrote a long " open letter " to Pope Pius IX, whose apparently liberal reforms had gained him a momentary status as possible paladin of the unification of Italy.

The unification was possible because the PPS activists who opposed unification ( or rather absorption by Communists ) had been forced out of the party.

Only after unification would it be possible for the KMT to mobilize a war against Japan.

Japan Ministry of Defense's analyst Takesada points out that North Korea's desire of unification is similar to North Vietnam, and warns of the possibility of North Korea's compulsory merger with South Korea by threats of nuclear weapons, taking advantage of any possible decrease in the US military presence in South Korea, after North Korea deploys several hundred mobile ICBMs aimed at the US.

After beginning 1977 with a third round knockout win over Colombia's Fernando Cabanela in Mexico City, Mexican boxing fans started talking about a possible unification bout between him and fellow Mexican Alfonso Zamora, the WBA's world Bantamweight champion.

Only after unification would it be possible for the Kuomintang to mobilize a war against Japan.

Briefly, it is about assuring the technological independence of Europe in the key domains of the future ; encouraging, wherever possible, co-operation between European businesses and researchers ; mobilising the necessary financial resources ; accompanying the efforts of our enterprises by creating the necessary environment and supporting the unification of our internal markets.

The possible unification of Spain with France sparked the Spanish War of Succession in the 18th century, culminating in the treaties of Utrecht ( 1713 ) and Rastatt ( 1714 ) which preserved the European balance of power.

The printing of music made possible the development of the first truly international musical style since the unification of Gregorian Chant in the 9th century.

While criticizing the " reactionary role which the AF of L leadership has played ," Cannon declared that " our party ... takes a clear-cut position in favor of the earliest and completest possible unification of the AF of L and the CIO, and also the hitherto unaffiliated Railroad Brotherhoods.

With such a fundamental division within the assembly it was not possible to take any definitive action toward unification or the introduction of democratic rules, and so the assembly became little more than a debating society.

Through a process of two Christian denominations working together, the unification was possible, and as of November 1, 2001, Pastor Barnett became the senior pastor over Angelus Temple as well as the Dream Center.

* Closer ties with the Russian Federation and " integration in Europe "; solving the Transnistrian conflict ; EU cooperation ( and membership if possible ); strong opposition to NATO membership ; independence, as opposed to a unification with Romania.

Secular cultural institutions and education in Azerbaijani blossomed throughout Iranian Azerbaijan, and speculation grew rife about a possible unification of the two Azerbaijan's, under Soviet control.

Traditionally, less use has been made of extension in church organs and those designed for classical music, with authorities tending to regard borrowing in general and extension in particular as things to be avoided if possible, except in a few cases where space for pipes is limited, making extension and / or unification necessary.

Suffering a loss of more than half its aid from the Soviet Union from 1986 to 1989 and an interest in possible oil reserves on the border between the countries, al-Beidh's government worked toward unification with North Yemen officials.

Consequently, he participated to the unification of some right-wing groups in the Union for a Popular Movement ( UMP ) and appeared as a possible Prime Minister.