From an initial investment of $1,200 in 1943, it has grown, with no additional capital investment, to a present value estimated by some as exceeding $10,000,000 ( we don't disclose financial figures to the public ).

Thus, during any given year ( A ) if the revenues from the residential service are $7,000,000, ( B ) if the operating expenses imputed to this class of service come to $5,000,000, and ( C ) if the net investment in ( or value of ) the plant and equipment deemed devoted to this service amounts to $30,000,000, the cost analyst will report that residential service, in the aggregate, has yielded a return of $2,000,000 or 6-2/3 per cent.

To figure the value of the farm in terms of investment income, divide the estimated annual net farm income by the percentage that you could expect to get in interest if the money were invested in some other way.

In 2006, an internal review of costs and realisable value on investment led Ford to consider divesting itself of parts of its Premier Automotive Group.

Prof. Friedman argued that trade deficits are not necessarily as important as high exports raise the value of the currency, reducing aforementioned exports, and vice versa for imports, thus naturally removing trade deficits not due to investment.

Beyond its general economic and political stability, the government has also encouraged the use of Chile as an " investment platform " for multinational corporations planning to operate in the region, but this will have limited value given the developing business climate in Chile itself.

The advantage of such a system lies in its ability to expand its own capacity rapidly and without additional human effort ; in essence, the initial investment required to construct the first clanking replicator would have an arbitrarily large payoff with no additional labor cost, with future returns discounted by their present value.

An investment is an acquisition of an asset in the hope that it will maintain or increase its value.

" Financial economics ", at least formally, also considers investment under " certainty " ( Fisher separation theorem, " theory of investment value ", Modigliani-Miller theorem ) and hence also contributes to corporate finance theory.

A hedge fund typically pays its investment manager a management fee, which is a percentage of the assets of the fund, and a performance fee if the fund's net asset value increases during the year.

A distressed securities investment strategy involves investing in the bonds or loans of companies facing bankruptcy or severe financial distress, when these bonds or loans are being traded at a discount to their value.

Valuation risk refers to the concern that the net asset value of investments may be inaccurate ; capacity risk can arise from placing too much money into one particular strategy, which may lead to fund performance deterioration ; and concentration risk may arise if a fund has too much exposure to a particular investment, sector, trading strategy, or group of correlated funds.

For a fund structured as a company, shares will be both issued and redeemed at the net asset value (" NAV ") per share, so that if the value of the underlying investments has increased ( and the NAV per share has therefore also increased ) then the investor will receive a larger sum on redemption than it paid on investment.

The study noted that 465 common funds had significant differences in reported information ( e. g. returns, inception date, net assets value, incentive fee, management fee, investment styles, etc.

Indeed some, such as consultants and providers of investment services, offer no guarantees of the value for price paid.

The GPL release of the Quake III engine's source code was moved from the end of 2004 to August 2005 as the engine was still being licensed to commercial customers who would otherwise be concerned over the sudden loss in value of their recent investment.

Also called municipal bond relative value arbitrage, municipal arbitrage, or just muni arb, this hedge fund strategy involves one of two approaches.

However there is a chance that the original stock will fall in value too, so by shorting it one can hedge that risk.

* hedge or mitigate risk in the underlying, by entering into a derivative contract whose value moves in the opposite direction to their underlying position and cancels part or all of it out ;

Some hedge funds have a net asset value of several billion dollars.

However the 2008 credit crunch was hard on hedge funds and they declined in value and hampered " liquidity in some markets " causing some hedge funds to restrict investor withdrawals.

However, hedge fund strategies are generally said to fall into four main categories: global macro, directional, event-driven, and relative value ( arbitrage ).

To take advantage of special situations the hedge fund manager must identify an upcoming event that will increase or decrease the value of the company's equity and equity-related instruments.

Many hedge funds are established in offshore financial centres so that no tax is charged at the fund level ( although the investors will still be subject to tax in their own jurisdictions on any increase in the value of their investments ).

Where a hedge fund holds assets that are hard to value reliably or are relatively illiquid ( in comparison to the redemption terms of the fund itself ), the fund may employ a " side pocket ".

They were used extensively following the collapse of Lehman Brothers in September 2008, when the market for certain types of assets held by hedge funds collapsed, preventing the funds from selling or obtaining a market value for the assets.

The other factor reducing the attractiveness of hedge funds in a diversified portfolio is that they tend to under-perform during equity bear markets, just when an investor needs part of their portfolio to add value.

* Diversification: While this may hedge a company against a downturn in an individual industry it fails to deliver value, since it is possible for individual shareholders to achieve the same hedge by diversifying their portfolios at a much lower cost than those associated with a merger.

Porsche then formally announced in a press statement that it did not intend to take over Volkswagen Group ( it would set its offer price at the lowest possible legal value ) but intended the move to avoid a competitor taking a large stake, and to stop hedge funds dismantling Volkswagen Group, which is Porsche's most important partner.

Laurence Kotlikoff ’ s “ limited purpose banking ” proposal rejects bank regulation ( based on rules and supervision to ensure “ safety and soundness ”) and replaces it with a prohibition on any company operating like a traditional “ bank .” All limited liability financial companies ( not only today ’ s “ banks ”) that receive money from the public for investment or “ lending ” and that issue promises to pay amounts in the future ( whether as insurance companies, hedge funds, securities firms, or otherwise ) could only issue obligations to repay amounts equal to the value of their assets.

Ultimately, UBS was unable to sell or hedge its interest in LTCM as its value declined in the summer of 1998.

This process is reflected in the escalating price of gold — investors flock to gold and other precious metals as a store of value and hedge against inflation, which causes the price to increase rapidly, sometimes for several consecutive years and recently, at many times more than the rate of inflation.

In the event of a default, the bank pays the hedge fund $ 5 million cash, and the hedge fund must deliver $ 5 million face value of senior debt of the company ( typically bonds or loans, which are typically worth very little given that the company is in default ).

Since the trader is interested in the company, rather than the industry, he wants to hedge out the industry risk by short selling an equal value ( number of shares × price ) of the shares of Company A's direct competitor, Company B.

Side pockets are designed to address issues relating to the need to value investors ' holdings in the fund if they choose to redeem.

Mutual funds must also determine the net asset value ( NAV ) of the fund.

Palau has created a trust fund to be drawn upon after the cessation of Compact grants, the value of which had grown to $ 140 million by the beginning of 2009.

Investment funds run by Investment managers who closely mirror the index in their managed portfolios and offer little " added value " as managers whilst charging fees for active management are called ' closet trackers '; that is they do not in truth actively manage the fund but furtively mirror the index.

Traditional defined benefit plan designs ( because of their typically flat accrual rate and the decreasing time for interest discounting as people get closer to retirement age ) tend to exhibit a J-shaped accrual pattern of benefits, where the present value of benefits grows quite slowly early in an employee's career and accelerates significantly in mid-career: in other words it costs more to fund the pension for older employees than for younger ones ( an " age bias ").

The museum restricts the use of its endowment fund to cover yearly operating expenses to 5 percent of the fund ’ s value.

The style of life chosen by the beat generation, the rhythm and ritual they have adopted as uniquely their own, is designed to enhance the value of the sexual experience.

indeed, it is maintained that the sexual element in jazz, by freeing the listener of his inhibitions, can have therapeutic value.

As in experience one is seized by given entities and their interrelations and is forced to respond in value feelings to them, so one is similarly seized in the mimetic presentation of images.

Shakespeare's Shylock, too, is of dubious value in the modern world.

But what a super-Herculean task it is to winnow anything of value from the mud-beplastered arguments used so freely, particularly since such common use is made of cliches and stereotypes, in themselves declarations of intellectual bankruptcy.

In conformance with the maximization principle we affirm that Gentile-Jewish relations will be harmonious or inharmonious to the degree that one relation or the other is expected by the active participants to yield the greatest net advantage, taking all value outcomes and effects into consideration.

There is a second feature of the influences of literature, good literature, on emotional life which may have some special value for our time.

One of the most frequent views of the value of literature is the education of sensibility that it is thought to provide.

We find, in the first place, that the students overwhelmingly approve of higher education, positively evaluate the job their own institution is doing, do not accept most of the criticisms levelled against higher education in the public prints, and, on the whole, approve of the way their university deals with value-problems and value inculcation.

The religious quest is often intense and deep, and there are students on every campus who are seriously wrestling with the most profound questions of meaning and value.

He pontificates that `` one of the first signs of advancing civilization is the fall in the value of women in men's eyes ''.

Since Laos is of no more purely military value to Moscow itself than it is to Washington, this approach might be expected to head off Mr. Khrushchev for the moment.

This problem of fair and equitable assessment of value is a difficult one to solve in that the determination of fair valuation is dependent on local assessors, who in general are non-professional and part-time personnel taking an individualistic approach to the problem.

It has been estimated that the value of boats in Rhode Island waters is something in excess of fifty million dollars, excluding commercial boats.

It is known that at least five towns ( Barrington, Bristol, Narragansett, Newport and Westerly ) place some value on some boats for tax purposes.

In the case of taxpaying corporate stockholders, the measure would be the lesser of the fair market value of the shares or Du Pont's tax basis for them, which is approximately $2.09 per share.

I therefore believe it is realistic to assume a modest drop in the total value of home entertainment electronics to about $1.8 million, slightly below 1960, but above 1959.

Either model is a very good dollar value.

The real question that follows is -- how are those four years used and what is their value as training??