In terms of thermodynamics, the internal energy of the calorimetric material can be considered as the value of a function of, with partial derivatives and.

Again, further in terms of thermodynamics, the internal energy of the calorimetric material can sometimes, depending on the calorimetric material, be considered as the value of a function of, with partial derivatives and, and with being expressible as the value of a function of, with partial derivatives and.

Column 2 is set to a value derived from the first and higher derivatives of the polynomial at the same value of X.

Each of the columns from 3 to N is set to a value derived from the first and higher derivatives of the polynomial.

* Securities derivatives, such as options or futures, where the value of the derivative is dependent on the value of the underlying asset at a specific point in time ( typically the derivative's associated expiration date )

Members of LTCM's board of directors included Myron S. Scholes and Robert C. Merton, who shared the 1997 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for a " new method to determine the value of derivatives ".

* Hedge funds ( private investment funds ) use tools from all fields of numerical analysis to calculate the value of stocks and derivatives more precisely than other market participants.

The approximation of derivatives by finite differences plays a central role in finite difference methods for the numerical solution of differential equations, especially boundary value problems.

Trading in stock markets or commodity markets is actually trade in underlying assets which are not wholly financial in themselves, although they often move up and down in value in direct response to the trading in more purely financial derivatives.

During the three years up to the end of 2010, global physical exports of commodities fell by 2 %, while the outstanding value of OTC commodities derivatives declined by two-thirds as investors reduced risk following a five-fold increase in value outstanding in the previous three years.

When such CDOs are backed by assets of dubious value, such as subprime mortgage loans, and lose market liquidity, the bonds and their derivatives become what is referred to as " toxic debt ".

The total world derivatives market has been estimated at about $ 791 trillion face or nominal value, 11 times the size of the entire world economy.

If these requirements are not met, it's not possible to interpret the wavefunction as a probability amplitude ; the values of the wavefunction and its first order derivatives may not be finite and definite ( with exactly one value ), i. e. probabilities can be infinite and multiple-valued at any one position and time-which is nonsense, as it does not satisfy the probability axioms.

For an instrument whose payment stream is described by f ( t ), the value V ( t ) satisfies the inhomogeneous first-order ODE (" inhomogeneous " is because one has f rather than 0, and " first-order " is because one has first derivatives but no higher derivatives ) – this encodes the fact that when any cash flow occurs, the value of the instrument changes by the value of the cash flow ( if you receive a $ 10 coupon, the remaining value decreases by exactly $ 10 ).

The measure, for federal income tax purposes, of the dividend to individual stockholders would be the fair market value of the shares at the time of each annual distribution.

In the case of taxpaying corporate stockholders, the measure would be the lesser of the fair market value of the shares or Du Pont's tax basis for them, which is approximately $2.09 per share.

It argued, inter alia, that a divestiture order would severely depress the market value of the stock of both General Motors and Du Pont, with consequent serious loss and hardship to hundreds of thousands of innocent investors, among them thousands of small trusts and charitable institutions ; ;

When a man invests a block of his years at a university without gaining the coveted promotion, not only is he faced with the problem of starting over but there is also a certain depreciation in the market value of his services.

The standard example is the stock of a company, undervalued in the stock market, which is about to be the object of a takeover bid ; the price of the takeover will more truly reflect the value of the company, giving a large profit to those who bought at the current price — if the merger goes through as predicted.

According to the IRS, " The fair market value of goods and services exchanged must be included in the income of both parties.

Capitalism is the system of raising, conserving and spending a set monetary value in a specified market.

* Fully Convertible-When there are no restrictions or limitations on the amount of currency that can be traded on the international market, and the government does not artificially impose a fixed value or minimum value on the currency in international trade.

The Thai Department of Export Promotion claims that " China's halal food producers are small-scale entrepreneurs whose products have little value added and lack branding and technology to push their goods to international standards " to encourage Thai private sector Halal producers to market their products in China

The death of Catherine's mother Isabella of Castile, however, meant that her " value " in the marriage market decreased.

Sometimes non-monetized bullion coins such as the Canadian Maple Leaf and the American Gold Eagle are minted with nominal face values less than the value of the metal in them, but as such coins are never intended for circulation, these value numbers are not market but fiat values.

This means that the value of the coin is decreed by government fiat ( law ), and thus is determined by the free market only inasmuch as national currencies are subjected to various types of foreign exchange markets in international trade.

However, because fiat money is backed by government guarantee of a certain amount of goods and services, where the value of this is in turn determined by free market currency exchange rates, similar to the case for the international market exchange values which determines the value of metals which back commodity money, in practice there is very little economic difference between the two types of money ( types of currencies ).

Coins may be minted that have fiat values lower than the value of their component metals, but this is never done intentionally and initially for circulation coins, and happens only in due course later in the history of coin production due to inflation, as market values for the metal overtake the fiat declared face value of the coin.

Treasury Notes are generally considered to be inherently less risky than real estate, since the value of the Note is guaranteed by the US Government and there is a liquid market for the purchase and sale of T-Notes.

net cash flow to total invested capital and WACC are appropriate when valuing a company based on the market value of all invested capital.

The Etruscans ' objets d ' art are of incalculable value, causing a brisk black market and equally brisk law enforcement effort, as it is against the law to remove objects from Etruscan tombs unless authorized by the Italian government.

* Enterprise value, an economic measure reflecting the market value of a whole business

Moreover, he rejects the contemporary accounts of Englishmen, casually adjudging them to be distorted by prejudice because `` the opinions of Englishmen are of no great value ''.

but because liquor has a high caloric value -- 100 calories per oz. -- the heavy drinker is seldom hungry.

Foucault warns of the risks of keeping the author's name in mind during interpretation, because it could affect the value and meaning with which one handles an interpretation.

This is because E ( k ) can have any sign whatsoever, and the combination of creation and annihilation operators has expectation value 1 or 0.

A value of 0 means that the pixel does not have any coverage information and is transparent ; i. e. there was no color contribution from any geometry because the geometry did not overlap this pixel.

A value of 1 means that the pixel is opaque because the geometry completely overlapped the pixel.

The Mach. 3 value is rather arbitrary, but it is used because gas flows with a Mach number below that value demonstrate changes in density with respect to the change in pressure of less than 5 %.

The development of large strategic bombers stagnated in the later part of the Cold War because of spiraling costs and the development of the Intercontinental ballistic missile ( ICBM ) – which was felt to have equal deterrent value while being much more difficult to intercept.

In the United States, it was a controversial battle because of the island's questionable strategic value and the high casualty rate, which was the highest for U. S. military personnel of any battle in the Pacific War.

This is because once a bankruptcy petition is filed, it is for the creditors, not the debtor to decide whether a particular asset has value.

After the execution of the instruction and writeback of the resulting data, the entire process repeats, with the next instruction cycle normally fetching the next-in-sequence instruction because of the incremented value in the program counter.

A company has less incentive to sell cross owned shares if taxes are high because of the immediate reduction in the value of the assets.

In general, it differs in value when expressed in u for a given nuclide ( or isotope ) slightly from the mass number, since the mass of the protons and neutrons is not exactly 1 u, the electrons contribute a lesser share to the atomic mass as neutron number exceeds proton number, and ( finally ) because of the nuclear binding energy.

Also, it is difficult to reason objectively about the question, because a denial that an animal is conscious is often taken to imply that it does not feel, its life has no value, and that harming it is not morally wrong.

Sweden was rich in copper, thus, because of copper's low value, extraordinarily big coins ( often weighing several kilograms ) had to be made.

Compactness in this more general situation plays an extremely important role in mathematical analysis, because many classical and important theorems of 19th century analysis, such as the extreme value theorem, are easily generalized to this situation.

Kenneth Minogue criticized Pratto's work, saying " It is characteristic of the conservative temperament to value established identities, to praise habit and to respect prejudice, not because it is irrational, but because such things anchor the darting impulses of human beings in solidities of custom which we do not often begin to value until we are already losing them.

Although the sample values x < sub > i </ sub > will be concentrated about the central value x < sub > 0 </ sub >, the sample mean will become increasingly variable as more samples are taken, because of the increased likelihood of encountering sample points with a large absolute value.

The concept of the feedback loop to control the dynamic behavior of the system: this is negative feedback, because the sensed value is subtracted from the desired value to create the error signal, which is amplified by the controller.