The viola's four strings are normally tuned in fifths: the lowest string is C3 ( an octave below middle C ), with G3, D4 and A4 above it.

Mozart, in his Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Viola and Orchestra in E flat, wrote the viola part in D major and specified that the viola's strings were to be raised in pitch by a semitone: his intention was probably to give the viola a brighter tone so as to avoid it being overpowered by the rest of the ensemble.

* The viola's bow has a wider band of horsehair than a violin's bow, which is particularly noticeable near the frog ( or ' heel ' in the UK ).

Following the introduction on the flutes and clarinets, we are given the pure oboe's melody figurated by the viola's tender decorations, which expresses Gretchen's virginal innocence.

A full-size viola's body is between and longer than the body of a full-size violin ( i. e., between ), with an average length of.

Because of the viola's size, violists with short arms tend to use smaller-sized instruments for easier playing.

Sub Saharan Africa, as an area that felt the consequences of poor governance and was less responsive to globalisation, has seen an increase in poverty while all other areas of the world have seen no change in rates.

With succeeding generations of tumor cells, differentiation is typically lost, growth becomes less regulated, and tumors become less responsive to most chemotherapeutic agents.

In the population, there are a group of patients that are less responsive to hydrocodone opioid (~ 10 % of the Caucasian population ).

Tesla also used sensitive electromagnetic receivers, that were unlike the less responsive coherers later used by Marconi and other early experimenters.

The sleeper is less responsive to the environment ; environmental stimuli that may have distracted them in stage one, no longer produce any reactions.

Compared to a mechanically-driven supercharger, turbochargers tend to be more efficient but less responsive.

The political platform of the Libertarian Party reflects the ideas of libertarianism, favoring minimally regulated markets, a less powerful state, strong civil liberties ( including support for same-sex marriage and other LGBT rights ), cannabis legalization and regulation, separation of church and state, open immigration, non-interventionism and neutrality in diplomatic relations ( i. e., avoiding foreign military or economic entanglements with other nations ), freedom of trade and travel to all foreign countries, and a more responsive and direct democracy.

In a racing car, the rotating parts can be made much lighter and thus more responsive, since there is no need to use counterweights on the crankshaft as is needed in a 90 ° V8 and less need for the inertial mass in a flywheel to smooth out the power delivery.

The adult cerebellum seems to be less responsive to changes in thyroidal status.

A beta less than 1 means that the share is stable and not very responsive to changes in the market.

The pilot will notice the flight controls have become less responsive and may also notice some buffeting, a result of the turbulent air separated from the wing hitting the tail of the aircraft.

However, using silicone results in a far less responsive yo-yo than would a rubber O-ring, and so silicone is typically used in higher level unresponsive play.

Work functioning and physical symptoms, such as swelling, bloating and breast tenderness, were less responsive to sertraline.

Inclusion of the amino acid-tryptophan, a precursor of 5HT, in the feed of rainbow trout made the trout less aggressive and less responsive to stress.

Because ZigBee nodes can go from sleep to active mode in 30 ms or less, the latency can be low and devices can be responsive, particularly compared to Bluetooth wake-up delays, which are typically around three seconds.

Intuition would state have that ' Toxo ' would cause decreases due to its raising dopamine however some case-studies have indicated that depressed patients become less responsive to depression-treatments when they are T. gandii-positive.

It was significantly smaller, less expensive, and lighter but offered a much less responsive " twist " LCD and a less ergonomic pointing device.

A longer shaft will however make the dart less responsive and increase the chance of " wobbling ".

Huw Dixon and Claus Hansen showed that even if only part of the economy has sticky prices, this can influence prices in other sectors and lead to prices in the rest of the economy becoming less responsive to changes in demand.

For instance, mouse tissue is approximately fifty times less responsive than human tissue to the venom of the Sydney funnel-web spider.

Unfretted instruments tend to have a sweeter, less incisive tone due to the greater load on the bridge resulting from the greater number of strings, though the large, late ( early 19th century ) Swedish clavichords tend to be the loudest of any of the historic clavichords.

Zoom took on a more organic sound, with less emphasis on strings and electronic effects.

While formal language theory usually concerns itself with formal languages that are described by some syntactical rules, the actual definition of the concept " formal language " is only as above: a ( possibly infinite ) set of finite-length strings, no more nor less.

The lower fretboard action ( the height of the strings from the fingerboard ), lighter ( thinner ) strings, and its electrical amplification lend the electric guitar to techniques less frequently used on acoustic guitars.

consists of strings of syllables, made up of sounds taken from all those that the speaker knows, put together more or less haphazardly but emerging nevertheless as word-like and sentence-like units because of realistic, language-like rhythm and melody.

It appears that Ebbinghaus recognized this, and only referred to the strings of syllables as “ nonsense ” in that the syllables might less likely have a specific meaning and that no attempt to make associations with them for easier retrieval.

Modern harp strings are often nylon or, less often, metal ; tuning pins are also metal components.

Those specialists maintain that the zither is distinguished by strings spread across all or most of its soundboard, or the top surface of its sound chest, also called soundbox or resonator, as opposed to the lyre, whose strings emanate from a more or less common point off the soundboard, such as a tailpiece.

Programmes of this period show that the orchestra possessed only 46 strings, much less than the Wagnerian ideal of 64.

Harpo's method placed much less tension on the strings.

The most important of these is that it has sympathetic strings and a less curved bridge and fingerboard.

The sound of X-bracing may be considered less delicate with gut strings, but it prepared the American guitar for steel strings, which emerged in the first quarter of the 20th century.

( Numbers less than zero, which are ordinarily represented with a minus sign, are representable as digit strings in quater-imaginary ; for example, the number − 1 is represented as " 103 " in quater-imaginary notation.

The less elastic the strings are ( that is, the shorter, thicker, higher tension or stiffer they are ), the more inharmonicity they exhibit.

A wound string generally exhibits less inharmonicity than the equivalent solid string, and for that reason wound strings are often preferred.

Students often use nylon or ' tetron ' strings, which last longer than silk, and are also less expensive.

Just as the lute was enlarged and bass-extended to become the theorbo and chitarrone for continuo work, so the cittern was developed into the ceterone, with its extended neck and unstopped bass strings, though this was a much less common instrument.

Because Vysotsky tuned down a tone and a half, his strings had less tension, which also colored the sound.

Bream does not consistently hold his right-hand fingers at right angles to the strings, but uses a less rigid hand position for tonal variety.

Blenders Tony Power said that the " baroque faux strings and abortion dilemma of ' Papa Don ’ t Preach ' herald a new, less querulous Madonna, girlishly in love with Sean Penn and bolstered by writer-producer Pat Leonard.