An area border router is always a backbone router, since all areas must be either directly connected to the backbone or connected to the backbone via a virtual link ( spanning across another area to get to the backbone ).

Each node contains a router that will determine which path the packet will take through the network and holds the virtual channel state information:

This section discusses the main architectures for PPVPNs, one where the PE disambiguates duplicate addresses in a single routing instance, and the other, virtual router, in which the PE contains a virtual router instance per VPN.

Installed on the company's proprietary hardware ( RouterBOARD ), or on standard x86-based computers, it turns the computer into a network router and implements various additional features, such as firewalling, virtual private network ( VPN ) service and client, bandwidth shaping and quality of service, wireless access point functions and other commonly used features when interconnecting networks.

The primary router with the highest configured priority will act as a virtual router with a pre-defined gateway IP address and will respond to the ARP request from machines connected to the LAN with the MAC address 0000. 0c07. acXX where XX is the group ID in hex.

The default gateway of a participating host is assigned to the virtual router instead of a physical router.

If the physical router that is routing packets on behalf of the virtual router fails, another physical router is selected to automatically replace it.

A virtual router must use 00-00-5E-00-01-XX as its Media Access Control ( MAC ) address.

The last byte of the address ( XX ) is the Virtual Router IDentifier ( VRID ), which is different for each virtual router in the network.

This address is used by only one physical router at a time, and it will reply with this MAC address when an ARP request is sent for the virtual router's IP address.

Physical routers within the virtual router must communicate within themselves using packets with multicast IP address 224. 0. 0. 18 and IP protocol number 112.

This allows a system administrator to force a physical router to the master state immediately after booting, for example when that particular router is more powerful than others within the virtual router.

All physical routers acting as a virtual router must be in the same LAN segment.

In October 2010, John Graham-Cumming started a campaign to raise funds by " public subscription " to enable serious historical and academic study of Babbage's plans, with a view to then build and test a fully working virtual design which will then in turn enable construction of the physical Analytical Engine.

Also, a therapist might choose to have the subject partake in what is called " exposure therapy " where the person is exposed to virtual spiders and then eventually live spiders little by little until they have overcome the phobia.

The vocals are performed individually, and are then layered together to form a virtual choir, although all the voices are Enya herself.

But Carías, by then a virtual dictator, wanted even more, so in 1939 the legislature, now completely controlled by the PNH, obediently extended his term in office by another six years ( to 1949 ).

Many interpreted languages are first compiled to some form of virtual machine code, which is then either interpreted or compiled at runtime to native code.

He then broke up the team which had finished 2nd two years running, selling popular players like Peter Beardsley, Lee Clark, Les Ferdinand and David Ginola and replaced them with ageing stars like John Barnes ( 34 ), Ian Rush ( 36 ) and Stuart Pearce ( 35 ), as well as virtual unknowns like Des Hamilton and Garry Brady.

By 1950, after the virtual completion of the by then much watered-out " level of industry " plans, equipment had been removed from 706 manufacturing plants in western Germany and steel production capacity had been reduced by 6, 700, 000 tons.

For example, the Motorola 68010 ( and the obscure 68012 ) was a 68000 with improvements to the loop instruction and the ability to suspend then continue an instruction in the event of a page fault, enabling the use of virtual memory with the appropriate MMU hardware.

In the process known as beta decay, a down quark in the neutron can change into an up quark by emitting a virtual boson which is then converted into an electron and an electron antineutrino.

The codebase was then distinctly split between the virtual machine and the user interface portions in such a way that the virtual machine became entirely independent from any user interface.

The virtual W < sup >−</ sup > boson then decays into an electron and an antineutrino.

The company IS2T provides Java ME virtual machine ( MicroJvm ), for any RTOS and even with no-RTOS then qualified as baremetal.

The PAD then places an X. 25 call to the host, establishing a virtual call.

The patients had diagnostic electrodes implanted in their hippocampus and then used a computer to move around in a virtual reality town.

Maps from 1944 show little development north of Inya Lake and areas that are now layered in cement and stacked with houses were then virtual backwaters.

The same approach is used with the Forth code used in Open Firmware systems: the source language is compiled into " F code " ( a bytecode ), which is then interpreted by a virtual machine.

He was allowed to present his complaints against Somerset to the king, but was then taken to London and after two weeks of virtual house arrest, was forced to swear an oath of allegiance at St Paul's Cathedral.

Because of its performance advantage, today many language implementations execute a program in two phases, first compiling the source code into bytecode, and then passing the bytecode to the virtual machine.

Small head movements are tracked and then translated into much larger virtual in-game movements, allowing hands-free view control and improved immersiveness.

Robert's peace strategy was a factor in the virtual coup in 1384 when he lost control of the country, first to his eldest son, John, Earl of Carrick, afterwards King Robert III, and then from 1388 to John's younger brother, Robert, Earl of Fife, afterwards the first Duke of Albany.

The player is then given cards and has the opportunity to discard one or more of them in exchange for new ones drawn from the same virtual deck.

Users log in to VM, providing a userid and password, and then boot their own virtual machine.

In the 1920s and 1930s the Union Minière du Haut Katanga company, operating in the then Belgian colony of Congo, had a virtual monopoly of the world uranium market ( holding most of the deposits known at the time ).

Each of these transitions is completely transparent to any users on the virtual machine at the time it is being migrated.

Representational State Transfer is intended to evoke an image of how a well-designed Web application behaves: presented with a network of Web pages ( a virtual state-machine ), the user progresses through an application by selecting links ( state transitions ), resulting in the next page ( representing the next state of the application ) being transferred to the user and rendered for his use.

So, rather than exciting the molecule to a virtual energy state, it is excited to near one of its excited electronic transitions.

The input names build virtual conditions to perform state transitions or input actions.

A virtual state is not an eigenstate of the molecule and it can not be occupied but it does allow for transitions between otherwise uncoupled real states.