Murray Rothbard said that the difference between free-market capitalism and " state capitalism " is the difference between " peaceful, voluntary exchange " and a collusive partnership between business and government that uses coercion to subvert the free market.

In a free market, the system of prices is the emergent result of a vast number of voluntary transactions, rather than of political decrees as in a controlled market.

The goal of agorists is a society in which all " relations between people are voluntary exchanges – a free market.

Libertarian opponents of taxation claim that governmental protection, such as police and defense forces might be replaced by market alternatives such as private defense agencies, arbitration agencies or voluntary contributions.

A number of authors give definitions of civil society that refer to voluntary associations and organisations outside the market and state.

* Commerce, a system of voluntary exchange of products and services to the market

In his view, the voluntary character of all transactions in an unregulated market economy and wide diversity that it permits are fundamental threats to repressive political leaders and greatly diminish power to coerce.

Unlike previous environmental regulations, which began with command and control approaches, later replaced with ones based on market mechanisms, ISO 14000 was based on a voluntary approach to environmental regulation ( Szymanski & Tiwari 2004 ).

Unpaid work can include domestic work, care work, subsistence work, unpaid market labor and voluntary work.

:* Collaborative process – voluntary and market driven development ( or approval ) following a transparent consensus driven process that is reasonably open to all interested parties.

" Spencer argued that the state was not an " essential " institution and that it would " decay " as voluntary market organization would replace the coercive aspects of the state.

The Marxist view which sees human nature as historically ' evolving ' towards voluntary social cooperation, shared by some anarchists, is that supraindividual institutions such as the market and the state are incompatible with the individual liberty which would obtain in a truly free society.

Generally, courts would not inquire into the substantive fairness of a contract because they presumed that a self-executing, decentralized, competitive market economy assured the just distribution of wealth through voluntary agreement among individuals.

Hale ’ s basic goal was to attack the prevailing vision of the market economy as a system of free and voluntary exchange, and thereby to undermine the claim that the law should simply reflect the results arrived at in a neutral market.

Hale sought to break the bright-line distinction between voluntariness and coercion by portraying conduct between market participants as a reflection of power relations, rather than as some abstract voluntary “ meeting of minds ” or convergence of wills.

Hale illustrated this point with two central images: the laborer who does not voluntarily choose to work, but rather is coerced into working for fear of starvation ; and the factory owner whose “ coercive power is weakened by the fact that both his customers and his laborers have the power to make matters more or less unpleasant for him – “ the customers through their law-given power to withhold access to their cash, the laborers through their actual power ( neither created nor destroyed by the law ) to withhold their services .” Hale recognized, however, that popular thought generally did not recognize conduct between market participants as “ coercive ,” so he sought to show that conduct between market participants was not purely “ voluntary .”.

Hale realized that “ the undoubtedly coercive character of the pressure exerted by the property-owner is disguised ” by the conception of the market economy as a system of free and voluntary exchange.

Once it was understood that there could be no such thing as a completely voluntary market, there could also be no completely neutral market because, one way or the other, there needed to be rules on how to regulate ( or not regulate ) coercion.

The market reforms of Vietnam, the imminent return of Hong Kong to China by Britain and the financial incentives for voluntary return to Vietnam caused many boat people to return to Vietnam during the 1990s.

The Japanese government imposed voluntary export restraints for the U. S. market, so it was more profitable for automakers to export more expensive cars to the U. S.

In his view, voluntary character of all transactions in a free market economy and wide diversity that it permits are fundamental threats to repressive political leaders and greatly diminish power to coerce.

Following this ruling, Alford petitioned for a writ of habeas corpus in the United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina, which upheld the initial ruling, and subsequently to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit which ruled that Alford's plea was not voluntary, because it was made under fear of the death penalty.

This is indicated by a " high mean proportion of ancestry from North African ( 10. 6 %)" that " attests to a high level of religious conversion ( whether voluntary or enforced ), driven by historical episodes of social and religious intolerance, that ultimately led to the integration of descendants.

Despite concerted opposition, ' Arian ', or nontrinitarian Christian churches persisted throughout Europe and North Africa, in various Gothic and Germanic kingdoms, until suppressed by military conquest or voluntary royal conversion between the fifth and seventh centuries.

There was a survey conducted by Beth Israel Medical Center in New York city and the North American Syringe Exchange Network, which showed among the 126 SEPs surveyed, 77 % provided to material abuse therapy, 72 % provided voluntary counselling and HIV testing, and more than two-thirds provided supplies such as bleach, alcohol pads, and male and female condoms.

Other deportation campaigns were directed towards the ethnic Germans ( whose number decreased from over 81, 000 in 1930 to under 4, 000 in 1959 due to voluntary wartime migration and forced removal as collaborators after the war ) and religious minorities ( 700 families, especially Jehovah's Witnesses, were deported to Siberia in April 1951 under the plan " Operation North ").

I will tell you everything ," and said that she had been " exploited as a tool for North Korean terrorist activities ", and made a detailed and voluntary confession.

Cobey served two terms ( 1999 – 2003 ) as the voluntary chairman of the North Carolina Republican Party.

Officially registered in March 2004, it now comprises voluntary members invited from NGOs in the K-West Municipal Ward of North West Mumbai.

The North Carolina Councils of Government ( or the Regional Councils of Government ) are voluntary associations of county and municipal governments, established by the North Carolina General Assembly in 1972 that serve as an avenue for local governments across North Carolina to discuss issues that are particular to their region.

The North Queensland Conservation Council is undertaking a voluntary bush rejuvenation program of the site.

The French reintroduced " grande tenue " in 1927 for North African regiments which were mostly dependent on voluntary recruiting, and after 1930 required all regular officers to acquire dress uniforms in the pre-1914 colours of their branch or regiment.

In April 2009 a study of the North Carolina State University Department of Accounting College of Management evaluated the accuracy of XBRL filings for 22 companies participating in the SEC's voluntary filing program in 2006.

North Yorkshire Forum for Voluntary Organisations ( NYFVO ) is an English charity formed and run by voluntary and community organisations in York and North Yorkshire to promote, develop and support new and existing forms of voluntary and community action ; and to ensure that their views and interests are well represented.

It is a standards developing organization accredited by the American National Standards Institute ( ANSI ) to develop voluntary consensus standards for laminate flooring materials, and it has established testing and performance criteria that are used in North America.

In 2003 the Lartigue Monorailway Restoration Committee, a voluntary organisation from Listowel, opened a 1000 metre section of Lartigue monorail on the trackbed of the former North Kerry line in Listowel.

North Malvern is home to Northleigh primary school, which is a Church of England ( CofE ) voluntary aided school.

Ecolabels are often voluntary, but green stickers are mandated by law in North America for major appliances and automobiles.

The Communists agreed to voluntary repatriation, but only if the majority would return to China or North Korea, something that did not occur.

The now defunct Chicago Climate Exchange ( CCX ) was North America ’ s only voluntary, legally binding greenhouse gas ( GHG ) reduction and trading system for emission sources and offset projects in North America and Brazil.

At the age of 14 he embarked as a voluntary student aboard the frigate HMS Owen Glendower, which sailed to South America in the middle of 1820, and returned in January 1822.

The HAVA dictates the EAC will create voluntary guidelines for voting systems, maintaining a clearinghouse of information regarding election administration procedures including testing and certification of election equipment, and administering the Election Assistance and Help America Vote Programs.

The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America ( PhRMA ) released updates to its voluntary Code on Interactions with Healthcare Professionals on July 10.

In 1840 Lang published a substantial volume entitled Religion and Education in America in which he advocated support of churches by voluntary givings rather than the State, and went so far as to advocate no connection between Church and State.

William Allen was also a founder member and a Director of the African Institution ; the successor body to the Sierra Leone Company, sponsored by philanthropists to establish a colony in West Africa for slaves freed on a voluntary basis, through the abolitionists ' efforts, in America.

He was known as a budget " hawk " and was a strong supporter of the Contract with America, including voluntary terms limits.

The early HM2 suffered from mechanical problems and during a financial crisis in 1969, Hovermarine went into voluntary liquidation and the major assets were acquired by a new company, Hovermarine Transport Ltd, this was subsequently taken over by the American company, Transportation Technology Inc. Production of HM. 2s for North and Central America was undertaken by Hovermarine's factory at Titusville, Florida.

The Points of Light is a national nonprofit, nonpartisan organization in the United States of America dedicated to engaging more people and resources in solving serious social problems through voluntary service.

UNDEF subsists entirely on voluntary contributions from Governments ; in 2010, it surpassed US $ 110 million in cumulative contributions from 39 countries, including a wide range of non-traditional donor countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America.