The use of aerodynamics through mathematical analysis, empirical approximations, wind tunnel experimentation, and computer simulations form the scientific basis for heavier-than-air flight and a number of other technologies.

The first person to experiment in this fashion was Francis Herbert Wenham, who in doing so constructed the first wind tunnel in 1871.

Objects placed in wind tunnel models are almost always smaller than in practice, so a method was needed to relate small scale models to their real-life counterparts.

A replica of the Wright Brothers ' wind tunnel is on display at the Virginia Air and Space Center.

With the information contained in Chanute's book, the personal assistance of Chanute himself, and research carried out in their own wind tunnel, the Wright brothers gained enough knowledge of aerodynamics to fly the first powered aircraft on December 17, 1903.

Ackeret presented a design for a supersonic wind tunnel.

Their main disadvantage is the distortion of the flow itself by the structure supporting the transducers, which requires a correction based upon wind tunnel measurements to minimize the effect.

To ensure that all aspects of the building's performance in strong winds will be acceptable, a detailed wind tunnel study was carried out by Professor Alan Davenport at the BLWT at the UWO.

During a NASA wind tunnel test, a model of the Space Shuttle is targeted by a beam of electrons, simulating the effect of ion izing gases during re-entry.

The skyblazer team has completed wind tunnel, stability and control testing and flown a 1 / 6 scale model.

Prototype one-third scale models were extensively wind tunnel and flight tested.

He then built a laboratory on the Champ de Mars at the foot of the tower in 1905, building his first wind tunnel there in 1909.

Here it was possible to build a larger wind tunnel, and Eiffel began to make tests using scale models of aircraft designs.

Airstreams around an airfoil in a wind tunnel.

Airstreams around an airfoil in a wind tunnel.

Other notable campus facilities include a pressurized wind tunnel and a towing tank for testing ship and ocean structure designs.

File: Mercury Space Capsule-GPN-2000-001268. jpg | Full scale model test in wind tunnel

The supersonic wind tunnel at Peenemünde's " Aerodynamic Institute " eventually had nozzles for speeds up to the record speed of Mach 4. 4 ( in 1942 or 1943 ), as well as an innovative dessiccant system to reduce the condensation clouding caused by the use of liquid oxygen, in 1940.

It was one of the first to be evolved with the aid of a wind tunnel, in use in Germany since the early 1920s.

The area rule was discovered by Otto Frenzl when comparing a swept wing with a w-wing with extreme high wave drag while working on a transonic wind tunnel at Junkers works in Germany between 1943 and 1945.

While using the new Eight-Foot High-Speed Tunnel, a wind tunnel with performance up to Mach 0. 95 at NACA's Langley Research Center, he was surprised by the increase in drag due to shock wave formation.

The resulting device, looking a little like a wind tunnel, is called a Voitenko compressor.

NASA wind tunnel with the model of a plane.

A wind tunnel is a tool used in aerodynamic research to study the effects of air moving past solid objects.

The silence oppressed him, made him bend low over the horse's neck as if to hide from a wind that had begun to blow far away and was twisting slowly through the darkness in its slow search.

The wind of their running was cold and wild, the horses were lathered and their manes streamed like stiff black pennants in the wind.

He grabbed her by the shoulders and went down on one knee, taking her weight so that some of the wind was driven out of him.

Over the rapidly-diminishing outline of a jump seat piled high with luggage Herry's black brushcut was just discernible, near, or enviably near that spot where -- hidden -- more delicately-textured, most beautifully tinted hair must still be streaming back in cool, oh cool wind sweetly perfumed with sagebrush and yucca flowers and engine fumes.

The way his red rubber lips were stretched across his pearly little teeth I thought he was only having a little joke, but, no, he wanted me to bend down from the roar of wind so he could roar something into my ear.

It was filled with dust and wind and sound and violence.

`` I'd wind up full of bullet holes '', he said, and there was no question that he was talking about bullets fired by his coworkers.

The wind from the Rhine was damp and chill, necessitating a fire for warmth.

The only available field that could be used near flood-ravaged Montpelier was on the Towne farm off upper Main Street, a narrow hillside where takeoffs and landings could be safely made only under light wind conditions.

The first few days Bob Fogg set his plane down on Towne field back of the State House when the wind was right, and used Wilson flat above Barre when it wasn't.

It was a bad place for Roberts to wind up, but Roberts had asked for it.

It was a cold, windy day, the day after Kitti's death, but Stanley Gilborn paid no attention to the blustery October wind.

She cut the engines and slowly the cruiser swung around on the end of its lines until its bow was pointing into the wind and the cockpit faced toward the shore.

On this day the wind had switched 180-degrees from the northwest to the southeast, and nearly every shot on the course was different from the previous few days.

Along about 4:30, just when it was getting to be about time to turn the audience over and toast them on the other side, Judy came on singing, in a short-skirted blue dress with a blue and white jacket that flapped in the wind.

It was as though the biwa had been eaten up by the wind.

There was a keening of wind, and a cracking of the frozen ground.

Historically, it was of particular relevance to sailing warships which used them to outmaneuver opponents when the wind had dropped but might be used by any vessel in confined, shoal water to place it in a more desirable position, provided she had enough manpower.

There is no documented evidence for this theory, however, and, the word liti was probably borrowed from 16th-18th century writings in Latin, where the word lituus could describe various wind instruments, such as the horn, the crumhorn, or the cornett.

Africa was also set on its course to decolonization, swept by what Harold Macmillan, the then British Prime Minister, aptly termed the " wind of change ".

Other well-known Berg compositions include the Lyric Suite ( 1926 ), which was later shown to employ elaborate cyphers to document a secret love affair ; the extraordinarily elaborate post-Mahlerian Three Pieces for Orchestra ( completed in 1915 but not performed until after Wozzeck ); and the Chamber Concerto ( Kammerkonzert, 1923 – 25 ) for violin, piano and 13 wind instruments: this latter is written so conscientiously that Pierre Boulez has called it " Berg's strictest composition " and it, too, is permeated by cyphers and posthumously disclosed hidden programs.

One well-known story ( quoted in Berry, page 261 ) was that he saw the change of direction of a wind vane on a boat on the Thames, caused not by an alteration of the wind itself, but by a change of course of the boat relative to the wind direction.