[permalink] [id link]
The zero was probably introduced to the Chinese in the Tang Dynasty ( 618-907 AD ) when travel in the Indian Ocean and the Middle East would have provided direct contact with India, allowing them to acquire the concept of zero and the decimal point from Indian merchants and mathematicians.
from
Wikipedia
Some Related Sentences
zero and was
At extremely rare intervals the thermometer has fallen below zero (- 18 ° C ), as was the case in the remarkable cold wave of the 12th-13 February 1899, when an absolute minimum of-17 ° F (- 29 ° C ) was registered at Valley Head.
The question whether there is a limit to the degree of cold possible, and, if so, where the zero must be placed, was first addressed by the French physicist Guillaume Amontons in 1702, in connection with his improvements in the air thermometer.
Amontons therefore argued that the zero of his thermometer would be that temperature at which the spring of the air in it was reduced to nothing.
On the scale he used, the boiling-point of water was marked at + 73 and the melting-point of ice at 51, so that the zero of his scale was equivalent to about − 240 on the Celsius scale.
This close approximation to the modern value of − 273. 15 ° C for the zero of the air-thermometer was further improved upon in 1779 by Johann Heinrich Lambert, who observed that − 270 ° C might be regarded as absolute cold.
It followed from the principles on which this scale was constructed that its zero was placed at − 273. 15 ° C, at almost precisely the same point as the zero of the air-thermometer.
The tangent galvanometer was used to measure currents using this effect, where the restoring force returning the pointer to the zero position was provided by the Earth's magnetic field.
* The Roman number system was very cumbersome because there was no concept of zero ( or empty space ).
The concept of zero ( which was also called " cipher "), which we all now think of as natural, was alien to medieval Europe, so confusing and ambiguous to common Europeans that in arguments people would say " talk clearly and not so far fetched as a cipher ".
Members of CAC led the ESA funded CACTEX ( Chalmers Aerospace Club Thermal EXperiment ) project where the thermal conductivity of alcohol at zero gravity was investigated using a sounding rocket.
zero and probably
Even smaller cages with zero hexagons probably do not form from the native protein, because the feet of the triskelia are too bulky.
The village frequently wins regional categories in the Calor Village of the Year competition, and is currently moving towards zero waste status, having been described as " probably the greenest parish in Britain ".
From a contemporary fan's point of view, the biggest achievement is probably Sparta's performance in " year zero " of the Champions League in 1991-92.
No-one really knows why, but it's probably NOT a good idea to stay there to see for oneself what happens when the count reaches zero.
A professional who primarily competes in park contests will probably have a gyro with rear brakes only, zero to 4 pegs, and a lightweight bike.
zero and introduced
It is widely used for regular expressions, which is the context in which it was introduced by Stephen Kleene to characterise certain automata, where it means " zero or more ".
Aryabhata of Kusumapura developed the place-value notation in the 5th century and a century later Brahmagupta introduced the symbol for zero.
The prefix q was introduced to avoid the prefix o being mistaken for a zero, while the prefix 0o was introduced to avoid starting a numerical literal with an alphabetic character ( like o or q ), since these might cause the literal to be confused with a variable name.
In 1843, in the German spa casino town of Homburg, fellow Frenchmen François and Louis Blanc introduced the single 0 style roulette wheel in order to compete against other casinos offering the traditional wheel with single and double zero house pockets.
For example, a 2-to-1 multiplexer could be introduced on each that would switch between zero and ; this could be used ( in conjunction with ) to yield the two's complement of since.
The bill introduced by Wilson and passed by the House significantly lowered tariff rates, in accordance with Democratic platform promises, and dropped the tariff to zero on iron ore, coal, lumber and wool, which angered American producers.
C. R. Sridhar, in his article in the Economic and Political Weekly, also challenges the broken windows policing and the notion introduced in the annotated by Kelling and Bratton — that aggressive policing, such as the “ zero tolerance ” police strategy adopted by William Bratton, the appointed commissioner of the New York Police Department — is the sole cause of the decrease of crime rates in New York City.
This was a Grant introduced to lessen the impact of the change from Poll Tax to Council Tax, and by setting a zero Council Tax in the reference year, the Council managed to secure a large amount of Damping Grant, which it has continued to receive since the early 1990s.
The two angles introduced will always add up to π ; we therefore define our Dehn invariant so that multiples of angles of π give a net contribution of zero.
Distance correlation and Brownian covariance / Brownian correlation were introduced to address the deficiency of Pearson's correlation that it can be zero for dependent random variables ; zero distance correlation and zero Brownian correlation imply independence.
The negative real numbers can be discarded, and infinity introduced, leading to the set, where division by zero can be naturally defined as a / 0 = ∞ for positive a.
The function introduced in this process is called a Skolem function ( or Skolem constant if it is of zero arity ) and the term is called a Skolem term.
A postulate called the correspondence principle was introduced to quantum theory by Niels Bohr ; it states that, in effect, some kind of continuity argument should apply to the classical limit of quantum systems as the value of Planck's constant compared to the action of these systems tends to zero.
Another difference in English is that only restrictive relative clauses may be introduced with that or use the " zero " relative pronoun ( see English relative clauses for details ).
In 2006 Brian May Guitars introduced a " Mini May " guitar, based on a scaled down Red Special ( even including 24 frets but no zero fret ) featuring a single pickup, no switches and a maple neck.
They introduced an equivalence relation for allowable cycles ( where only " allowable boundaries " are equivalent to zero ), and called the group
zero and Chinese
Another possible source of the suanpan is Chinese counting rods, which operated with a decimal system but lacked the concept of zero as a place holder.
As the Chinese Ambassador to the FSM Zhang Weidong observed on the 20th anniversary of relations between the two countries, trade between China and the FSM had gone from " almost zero to $ 9. 5 million in 2007.
This same mark also serves as a “ zero ” character, as a stylistic variation of the Chinese character for “ zero ”.
The rod numerals, the written forms of counting rods once used by Chinese and Japanese mathematicians, are a decimal positional system able to represent not only zero but also negative numbers.
These estimates support the idea that, by this measure at least, the growth of the Chinese economy is close to zero.
Students will be categorized according to their Chinese level at the time of enrollment into 6-level classes ranked from zero level to elementary, medium, and advanced level, which is carried out in small classes of less than 20 students.
Another possible source of the suanpan is Chinese counting rods, which operated with a place value decimal system with empty spot as zero.
3.470 seconds.