These, however, were different mixtures and not the Byzantine formula, which was a closely guarded state secret, a secret that has been lost.

These copies joined works that had been preserved directly by Christian monks from Greek and Roman originals, as well as copies Western Christian monks made of Byzantine works.

These fierce nomads were often raiding empires, such as the Byzantine Empire, and they scored several victories using mobility and timing to defeat the heavy cataphracts of the Byzantines.

These evolved into the Sipahis ( feudal landholders similar to western knights and Byzantine pronoiai ) and Qapukulu ( door slaves, taken from youth like Janissaries and trained to be royal servants and elite soldiers, mainly cataphracts ).

These gradually helped weaken Bulgar power and strengthen the Byzantine presence in the area.

These included Muslim sailors being " paid a fixed wage " in advance " with an understanding that they would owe money in the event of desertion or malfeasance, in keeping with Islamic conventions " in which contracts should specify " a known fee for a known duration ", in contrast to Roman and Byzantine sailors who were " stakeholders in a maritime venture, in as much as captain and crew, with few exceptions, were paid proportional divisions of a sea venture's profit, with shares allotted by rank, only after a voyage's successful conclusion.

These words were ultimately derived from the Late Latin word solidus, referring to an Ancient Roman coin used in the Byzantine Empire.

These agreements strengthened Venice's tie to the Western Empire, which greatly angered the Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimisces as Venice controlled all sea trade between Western Europe and the Byzantine Levant in the East.

* Three Apologetic Treatises against those Decrying the Holy Images – These treatises were among his earliest expositions in response to the edict by the Byzantine Emperor Leo III, banning the veneration or exhibition of holy images.

These were the Byzantine Empire | Byzantine fortifications that withstood the Turkish onslaught in 1571

These anavathmoi are compositions based upon the Hymns of Degrees, and are written in the eight tones of Byzantine chant.

These books run from the rule of the tyrant Clearchus ( c. 364 – 353 BC ) to the later years of Julius Caesar ( c. 40 BC ) and contain many colorful accounts including the Byzantine introduction of the barbarian Gauls into Asia where they first allied themselves with the Heracleans and later turned violently against them.

These defeats deeply hurt Byzantine prestige in the region and even Ochrid, seat of the Bulgarian archbishopric, submitted to the Normans.

These units became a standard element on a smaller scale in later Byzantine church architecture.

These domes were built in the Byzantine style, in imitation of the now lost Church of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople.

These papers relate to such concepts as logical clocks ( and the happened-before relationship ) and Byzantine failures.

These routes brought them into contact with the Byzantine and Muslims empires.

These warriors had been used to counter the threat posed by the Saracens, who, from their bases in Sicily, raided South Italy without much resistance from the Lombard and Byzantine rulers of the affected lands.

These later Byzantine cataphracts were a much feared force in their heyday.

These compositions have existed for millennia: they originated in the Byzantine period and Greek antiquity, where there is a continuous development which appears in the language, the rhythm, the structure and the melody.

These were the Blues, the Reds, the Greens, and the Whites, although by the Byzantine era the only teams with any influence were the Blues and Greens.

These states faced the attacks of the Byzantine Greek successor states of Nicaea and Epirus, as well as Bulgaria.

These were, for the most part, in the hands of local nobility, which often revolted against Byzantine rule.

These manuals offer a great deal of information to dance historians and musicologists alike in that each description of a dance is accompanied by music examples with lute tablature and directions about how each music example is to be played.

These manuals were used by the Multics group and

These manuals were published as printed books available in bookstores with no click through EULA or other unusual restrictions ( just a general warning that if purchased as part of a software bundle, the software would be subject to one ).

These manuals also encourage rioters to get the press involved, as there is more safety with the cameras rolling.

These guidelines are usually formulated into a package of tools called corporate identity manuals.

These units frequently appeared bundled with six games stripped of their cases and manuals.

These modifications include a re-sleeving process for bubbled launch tubes, rewriting / drafting operator and technical manuals, and a kit to reduce environmental intrusion into the trigger mechanism.

These manuals contained an outline of the grammar, a selection of dialogues in parallel columns of Italian and English, and longer extracts from classical Italian writers in prose and verse.

These early contributions paved the way for encyclopedias, manuals, and other publications useful in identifying the content of art.

These procedures are clearly described in DIY manuals obtainable from automotive retailers.

These " textbook " shots are standard material found in many coaching manuals.

These were spelled out by a series of landscape gardening manuals, beginning with Sakuteiki ( Notes on Gardening ) in the Heian Period ( 794-1185 ).

These garden manuals are still studied today.

These " latent errors " included such mistakes as failure to follow published aircraft manuals, lack of assertive communication among maintenance technicians, poor supervision, and improper assembly practices.

These " language officers " translated training and technical manuals and reported on conditions in Japanese military units.

These men, distributed among the cadres of the Polish Staff, were entrusted with training the officer corps in military science and in the use of French army manuals.

These manuals also invite potential players to explore an aspect of the game that was previously unknown to them.

These features made Sprint a leader in the production of technical documents-and Borland itself did all its manuals on Sprint, for years.

These FIPS documents are based on the IDEF manuals published by the U. S. Air Force in the early 1980s.

These documents were obtained through various collections ( Canadian National Archive, many Historical Societies, original timetables and operating manuals ) as well as published books like Railroads of the Adirondacks: a History by Michael Kudish, 1996.

These manuals include:

These terms will be encountered when reading the classic 18th and 19th century sailing manuals, and may still be used today when referring to older ships.