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These cells and the bacteria trapped inside them entered a symbiotic relationship, a close association between different types of organisms over an extended time.
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These and cells
These cells were used rather than square Pyrex tubing because of the tendency of the latter to shatter when thawing frozen carbon tetrachloride.
These antibody titers were determined by reaction with homozygous Af red cells.
These cells were thawed at 37-degrees-C for 30 min and were deglycerolized by alternately centrifuging and mixing with descending concentrations of glycerol solutions ( 20, 18, 10, 8, 4 and 2% ).
These protists live as individual amoebae until starved, at which point they aggregate and form a multicellular fruiting body in which some cells sacrifice themselves to promote the survival of other cells in the fruiting body.
These particles continue to decay, emitting alpha particles which can damage cells in the lung tissue.
These antigens can sometimes be presented by tumor cells and never by the normal ones.
These are released by lysis of the host cells and group together by syzygy.
These secrete enzymes that allow the parasite to enter other cells.
These molecules mark the cell for phagocytosis by cells possessing the appropriate receptors, such as macrophages.
These two inhibitory proteins are partially responsible for HeLa cells immortality by inhibiting apoptosis to occur.
These bacteria also secrete proteins that enable the AC-II to enter host cells, where the exogenous AC activity undermines normal cellular processes.
These oxidants can damage cells by starting chemical chain reactions such as lipid peroxidation, or by oxidizing DNA or proteins.
These neurons communicate with one another by means of long protoplasmic fibers called axons, which carry trains of signal pulses called action potentials to distant parts of the brain or body targeting specific recipient cells.
These same compounds also increase secretion of macrophage colony-stimulating factor by osteoblasts, which promotes the differentiation of progenitor cells into osteoclasts, and decrease secretion of osteoprotegerin.
These domains reflect whether the cells have nuclei or not, as well as differences in the chemical composition of the cell exteriors and ribosomes.
These tailor-made drugs promise not only to maximize therapeutic effects but also to decrease damage to nearby healthy cells.
These include the use of genetic information in reproductive decision-making and the possibility of genetically altering reproductive cells that may be passed on to future generations.
These are epithelial cells that are coated with bacteria.
These proteins are often concentrated in specialized cells and in cell corners.
These ideas include the proposal that cells contain zones of low and high-density water, which could have widespread effects on the structures and functions of the other parts of the cell.
These can take part in self-perpetuating circuits in the gene regulatory network, circuits that can involve several cells that communicate with each other.
These principles are motivated by neuroscience insights about learning at the level of nerve cells ( synaptic plasticity ) and the coupling between cortical systems for language and action in the human brain.
These effects are likely mediated in the inferior olive, specifically at low-threshold calcium channels ( LTCC ) which have been shown to modulate the rhythmic firing of cells in this area.
These and bacteria
These AC's are toxins secreted by pathogenic bacteria such as Bacillus anthracis and Bordetella pertussis during infection.
These forms of AC have been reported in specific bacteria ( Prevotella ruminicola and Rhizobium etti, respectively ) and have not been extensively characterized.
These agents are bacteria, viruses, or toxins, and may be in a naturally occurring or a human-modified form.
These pores allow naturally occurring enteric bacteria, such as E. coli and Enterobacter, to enter the hemocoel, where they multiply and cause sepsis.
These include chemical pesticides, bacteria, arsenic, dioxins, and polychlorinated biphenyl ( PCB ).
These differences in structure can produce differences in antibiotic susceptibility, for instance vancomycin can kill only Gram-positive bacteria and is ineffective against Gram-negative pathogens, such as Haemophilus influenzae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
These bacteria move by spinning the whole cell, which is shaped like a corkscrew.
These symptoms usually start suddenly, one to five days after ingestion of the bacteria.
These epidemics were less fatal due to a greater understanding of the cholera bacteria.
These modern organisms with endosymbiotic relationships with aerobic bacteria have verified the endosymbiotic theory, which explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts from bacteria.
These marine worms are nutritionally dependent on their symbiotic chemoautotrophic bacteria lacking any digestive or excretory system ( no gut, mouth or nephridia ).
These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.
These formations may have resulted from carcass burial in an anoxic environment with minimal bacteria, thus delaying decomposition.
These include bacteria, fungi, other plants, and animals.
These include alpha-amylase from bacteria, which converts starch to simple sugars, chymosin from bacteria or fungi that clots milk protein for cheese making, and pectinesterase from fungi which improves fruit juice clarity.
These bacteria were lysed to release phage progeny.
These microorganisms including bacteria and the broad range of organisms that form the marine microbial loop, responsible for regulating much of the oceans ' biogeochemistry.
These surviving bacteria will then reproduce again, producing the next generation.
These carbohydrates types can be metabolized by some bacteria and protists.
These structures can fill most of the interior of a cell, giving the membrane a very large surface area and therefore increasing the amount of light that the bacteria can absorb.
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