These are the assembly ( in some cases with a quorum of 6000 ), the council of 500 ( boule ) and the courts ( a minimum of 200 people, but running at least on some occasions up to 6000 ).

These courts essentially overrule all previous cases in each new case, and older cases survive only to the extent they do not conflict with newer cases.

These efforts spread Confucian ideals to students who then became officials in many of the royal courts in China, thereby giving Confucianism the first wide-scale test of its dogma.

These types of claims are increasing and Italian courts have recently allowed them against banks that continue to apply compound interest on retail clients ’ current account overdrafts.

These processes meant the royal courts had a more significant role in local law cases, which had previously been dealt with only by regional or local lords.

These courts run parallel to the normal court system, and are undergoing reforms that include the first ever appointment of female judges.

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

These musicians were highly sought throughout Europe, particularly in Italy, where churches and aristocratic courts hired them as composers and teachers.

These rules govern how an appeal may be commenced, what kind of notice ( if any ) is required, the types of briefs, pleadings or statements of case, motions, and orders allowed in appeals, the timing and manner of the appeal, the conduct of appellate hearings, the process for decisions, various available remedies, and how the courts and clerks must function.

These new shari ' a courts serve three functions ; namely, to pass rulings in both criminal and civil cases, to organize a militia capable of arresting criminals, and to keep convicted prisoners incarcerated.

These cases usually pertain to issues which different appellate courts within its jurisdiction have decided differently, or highly controversial cases involving a completely new legal issue never seen in that state.

These courts operated through relaxed rules of evidence and due process and were often staffed by law students and inexperienced lawyers.

" These relaxed standards usually do not result in reversals, as the court of appeals grants more deference to the judgment of the lower courts.

These cases are tried in district courts ( first tier courts ) by a jury of nine laymen.

These purely academic issues led the U. S. courts to describe cases where developing circumstances made any judgment ineffective as " moot ".

These manorial courts were preserved under the Administration of Justice Act 1977.

These were supposed courts made up of tribunals staffed by 10 to 70 women who would hear a case of love and rule on it based on the rules of love.

These other duties in fact include the resolving of conflicts of competence between courts, penal trials against judges for offences committed in office, disciplinary and advisory tasks and the decision in disputes about prizes taken by Dutch vessels.

These courts were extinguished when the state was reorganized into the United States District Courts for the Eastern and Western Districts of North Carolina.

These rules govern how a lawsuit or case may be commenced, what kind of service of process ( if any ) is required, the types of pleadings or statements of case, motions or applications, and orders allowed in civil cases, the timing and manner of depositions and discovery or disclosure, the conduct of trials, the process for judgment, various available remedies, and how the courts and clerks must function.

These courts do not use the common law of England, but are civil law courts largely based upon the Corpus Juris Civilis of Justinian.

These obligations apply to both criminal and civil hearings, and to all courts and tribunals.

These questions did not surprise me ; ;

These institutions which Mr. Lyford names `` agreeable autocracies '' -- where did they come from??

These public efforts were rare because Mr. Rayburn normally did his counseling, persuading and educating long before an issue reached its test on the House floor.

These problems frequently arise where a firm is making items for the Government not directly along the lines of its normal civilian business or where the Government specifications require operations that the firm did not understand when it undertook the contract.

These cut-down plants will bud and blossom in record time and will behave just as they did in early spring.

These children have been described as those who were trying to say something to adults who did not understand.

These conditions man did not keep, and thus he became mortal ; ;

These inwardly dramatic moments showed the kind of `` opera style '' of which Beethoven was genuinely capable, but which did not take so kindly to the mechanics of staging.

These terms have historically been applied to any astronomical object orbiting the Sun that did not show the disk of a planet and was not observed to have the characteristics of an active comet, but as small objects in the outer Solar System were discovered, their volatile-based surfaces were found to more closely resemble comets, and so were often distinguished from traditional asteroids.

These simply did not exist.

These groups did concerts all over the Netherlands.

These leagues did not consider themselves " minor " – a term that did not come into vogue until St. Louis Cardinals GM Branch Rickey pioneered the farm system in the 1930s.

These continuous tension – discontinuous compression structures featured single force compression members ( no flexure or bending moments ) that did not touch each other and were ' suspended ' by the tensional members.

These rules did allow the fighters an advantage not enjoyed by today's boxers: They permitted the fighter to drop to one knee to begin a 30-second count at any time.

The late author Sheldon H. Harris in his book " Factories of Death: Japanese Biological Warfare, 1932-1945, and the American cover up " wrote that, The test program, could be part of Project AGILE or Project OCONUS which began in fall 1962 and which was funded at least through fiscal year 1963, was considered by the Chemical Corps to be “ an ambitious one .” The tests were designed to cover “ not only trials at sea, but Arctic and tropical environmental tests as well .” The tests, presumably, were conducted at what research officers designated, but did not name, “ satellite sites .” These sites were located both in the continental United States and in foreign countries.

These policies did not increase the PDPA's legitimacy in the eyes of the Afghan people.

These notes featured an image of King George V ( Bank of England notes did not begin to display an image of the monarch until 1960 ).

These proto-ballpoints did not deliver the ink evenly.

These are usually ' temps ' ( temporary workers ) or consultants who, depending on the project and their experience, might be brought on to lead a task for which the skill-set did not exist within the company, or in the case of a temp, in the vernacular sense, to perform busy-work or an otherwise low-skilled repetitive task for which an employee is deemed too valuable to perform.

These means of restraining private feuds did not always work, and sometimes prevented the fulfillment of justice.

These were some of the first reinforced concrete buildings, and their plans did not contain enough details ( such as how much reinforcing bar had been embedded in the concrete ) to be sure they were safe, so the engineers recommended demolition.

These clutches were lubricated with conventional oil, but the wrap was so effective that the lubricant did not defeat the grip.

These situations did not require a heavy rifle, firing full-power rifle bullets with long-range accuracy.

These two natures " did not separate for a moment or the twinkling of an eye " ( Coptic Liturgy of Saint Basil of Caesarea ).