These developments gave rise to the Islamist and Islamic movement opposed to the increasing communist and Soviet influence over Afghanistan.

These developments have indeed made our lives better, but the best contribution that bionics has made is in the field of biomedical engineering.

These churches at first used and then revised the use of the Prayer Book, until they, like their parent, produced prayer books which took into account the developments in liturgical study and practice in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, which come under the general heading of the Liturgical Movement.

These techniques include developments in optimal control in the 1950s and 1960s, followed by progress in stochastic, robust, adaptive and optimal control methods in the 1970s and 1980s.

These permanent villages and towns predate those of southern Eritrea and northern Ethiopia suggesting, according to Peter Schmidt, "... it is they, not sites in Arabia that were the vital precursors to urban developments ... likewise students of evolution and distribution of languages now believe that Semitic and Cushitic languages are of African origin.

These developments also encouraged Finnish nationalism and cultural unity through the birth of the Fennoman movement, which bound the Finns to the domestic governmental system and led to the idea that the Finnish Grand Duchy was an increasingly autonomous part of the Russian Empire.

These developments represented a fundamental change in literary criticism, which came to focus more on character and less on plot.

These were followed by developments in philosophy of human rights by philosophers such as Thomas Paine, John Stuart Mill and G. W. F.

These advancements, along with developments in chemistry, genetics, and lab technology ( such as the x-ray ) led to modern medicine.

These developments simultaneously explained how string theory is related to quantum chromodynamics, and afterwards holography gained wide acceptance.

These favorable developments, combined with the presence of a large and cheap labour force, laid the foundation for spectacular economic growth that lasted almost uninterrupted until the " Hot Autumn's " massive strikes and social unrest of 1969-70, which then combined with the later 1973 oil crisis and put an abrupt end to the prolonged boom.

These were developments that had begun before the Industrial Revolution, but the adoption of James Watt's more efficient steam engine from the 1770s reduced the fuel costs of engines, making mines more profitable.

These developments in Karachi resulted in large influx of economic migrants: Parsis, Hindus, Christians, Jews, Marathis, Goans, Chinese, British, Arabs and Gujaratis.

These positive developments gave momentum and a surge of members, so by 1886, the Knights had over 700, 000 members.

These developments began to give a new meaning to what was termed " modernism ": It embraced discontinuity, rejecting smooth change in everything from biology to fictional character development and filmmaking.

These galleries make no distinction between modernist and postmodernist phases, seeing both as developments within Modern Art.

These developments were accompanied by the introduction of new tools, such as indifference curves and the theory of ordinal utility.

These developments are reflected in neoclassical theory by the search for the occurrence in markets of the equilibrium conditions of Pareto optimality and self-sustainability.

These developments mirrored the growth of Russian nationalism across the artistic spectrum, as part of the more general Slavophilism movement.

These works include complex polyphonic ensembles and reflect musical developments of their times.

These practical developments were followed by the development of theories of light and vision by ancient Greek and Indian philosophers, and the development of geometrical optics in the Greco-Roman world.

These developments were not fundamentally novel, rather they were refinements to existing languages and paradigms, and largely based on the C family of programming languages.

These developments supported Francia's policy of economic self-sufficiency, no longer being reliant on another nation.

These developments shared responsibility for establishing thriving economic relations between Paraguay and the world's sixth largest economy, Brazil.

These developments — re-evaluation of the entire Western value system ( love, marriage, popular culture, shift from industrial to service economy ) that took place since the 1950s and 1960s, with a peak in the Social Revolution of 1968 — are described with the term Postmodernity, Influences on postmodern thought, Paul Lützeler ( St. Louis ) as opposed to Postmodernism, a term referring to an opinion or movement.

These expressly working-class bands contrasted with others in the second wave that presaged the post-punk phenomenon.

These pronouncements presaged the major reorientation of Chinese communism in the reform movement.

These online services presaged the web browser that would change global online life 10 years later.

These great centers of learning presaged the Rinascimento: the European Renaissance began in Italy and was fueled throughout Europe by Italian painters, sculptors, architects, scientists, literature masters and music composers.

These western shows, and the songs he was writing and recording at the time, presaged a major change in Murphey's career — a change that would lead the artist down the unlikely trail of Cowboy music.

These amendments to the Vocational Rehabilitation Act were designed to help provide for more specialized rehabilitation facilities, for more sheltered and `` half-way '' workshops, for greater numbers of adequately trained personnel, for more comprehensive services to individuals ( particularly to the homebound and the blind ), and for other administrative improvements to increase the program's overall effectiveness.

These changes represent, in effect, a shift from ( 1 ) an administrative compilation of data obtained through procedures designed primarily to serve political and economic objectives to ( 2 ) a systematic sampling census of the whole African population.

These were designed to be ' counties-to-themselves '; administrative divisions to sit alongside the new administrative counties.

These state and federal systems are foliated with layer upon layer of administrative regulation.

These were part of the statutory counties, but not part of the administrative counties.

These men were carefully selected often having strong records of military success and administrative ability.

These beliefs were adopted by the " people of the land ", meaning the landed families who provided the administrative class of the kingdom, and in 640 BCE these circles were decisive in placing on the throne the eight-year-old Josiah.

These towns and cities had the status of a County corporate, many granted by Royal Charter, which had all the judicial, administrative and revenue raising powers of the regular counties.

These ridings were established as separate administrative counties under the Local Government ( Ireland ) Act, 1898.

These 34 " county-level " entities correspond to the first level of local administrative unit for EU and Eurostat purposes.

These ostraca, while unremarkable in themselves, contain valuable information about the script, language, religion and administrative system of the period.

These reforms were part of a trend away from the official policies of assimilation and direct rule in favor of administrative decentralization and internal autonomy.

These calculators evolved into electronic computers in the 1940s, and it was then found that these computers were also useful for administrative purposes.

These agreements frequently regard administrative policy choices germane to executive power ; for example, the extent to which either country presents an armed presence in a given area, how each country will enforce copyright treaties, or how each country will process foreign mail.

These existed at all levels of the administrative hierarchy, with the Soviet Union as a whole under the nominal control of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, located in Moscow within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

These are only a few of the names given to administrative subdivisions ; more examples are provided below.

These organizations address specific topic areas of denomination-wide concern with administrative offices throughout the United States.

These administrative groupings would be taken over by the Romans in their system of local control, and these civitates would also be the basis of France's eventual division into ecclesiastical bishoprics and dioceses, which would remain in place – with slight changes — until the French Revolution.

These newly created positions were on the same administrative level as division leaders, and Ulam held his until he retired from Los Alamos.

These territorial divisions clearly did not follow any historical or traditional internal divisions ; they were simply artificial administrative lines.

These divisional state bureaus included the personnel administration, finance, rites, military, justice, and public works — an administrative model which would last until the fall of the Qing Dynasty ( 1644 – 1912 ).

These arrondissements are quite different from the arrondissements of Paris, being merely local administrative structures of the central state, like the Senegalese départements, and are thus more comparable to French departmental arrondissements.

These informal divisions do not form the basis of the modern administrative divisions of these countries, but still define and delimit local regional identity and sense of belonging.

These administrative costs are far higher than traditional fee-for-service Medicare.